Zirconium(Zr) ahafnium(Hf) elua metala laha ole.Ma ke ʻano, loaʻa ka zirconium i ka zircon (ZrO2) a me ka zircon (ZrSiO4).ʻAʻohe mineral kaʻawale o ka hafnium ma ke ʻano, a hui pinepine ka hafnium me ka zirconium a aia i loko o ka zirconium ores.Aia ka Hafnium a me ka zirconium i ka ʻehā o ka pūʻulu o ka papa manawa o nā mea, me nā waiwai like.Ma muli o ka radii atomika like, paʻakikī loa ka hoʻokaʻawale kemika.E like me ka ʻōlelo ʻana, 'Inā he zirconium, aia ka hafnium, a inā he hafnium, aia ka zirconium', e hōʻike ana i ka 'aloha aloha' o nā 'kaikunāne' ʻelua o ka zirconium a me ka hafnium.
Ke ulu mau nei ka ʻenehana hoʻokaʻawale o ka zirconium a me ka hafnium.Mai ke kaʻina hana chlorination paila, ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ke ahi, ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka zirconium a me ka hafnium a hiki i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka wai a me ke ahi i kēia manawa, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka hopena o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka zirconium a me ka hafnium, ka hopena i ka hoʻonui mau ʻana i ka maʻemaʻe o nā huahana o lalo.
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā precursors i loaʻa i ka zirconium a me ka hafnium ma ke kahua o nā mea a i ʻole he catalysts i ka ʻoihana petrochemical.Zirconium chloride (ZrCl4,also known aszirconium tetrachloride) hiki ke hana ʻia ma ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka zircon me ka hoʻēmi kalapona a me ka chlorination.Hafnium chloride(HfCl4, i ʻike ʻia ʻohafnium tetrachloride) ka mea maʻamau e hana ʻia e ka hafnium, carbon, a laila chlorinating.Zirconium chlorideahafnium chloridehe mau mea waiwai nui no ka synthesizing precursors i loaʻa ka zirconium a me ka hafnium, i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka aerospace, petrochemical, nuklea a me nā māla ʻē aʻe.
Ke hoʻohana nei i ka maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻezirconium tetrachloridea me ka hafnium tetrachloride e like me nā mea maka, nā huahana e like me n-propanol zirconium/hafnium, n-butanol zirconium/hafnium, tert butanol zirconium/hafnium, ethanol zirconium/hafnium, dichlorodicenyl zirconium/hafnium, a me bis (n-butylcyclopentadiene)hafnium dichloridehiki no hoi ke synthesized.Hiki i kēia mau huahana ke lilo i kumu hafnium a me zirconium no ka waiho ʻana o ka mahu a me nā precursors seramika, a me nā catalysts synthesis organik.Hiki i nā mea Shang hai Epoch ke hāʻawi i nā kikoʻī kikoʻī mai ka papa reagent a i ka papa ʻoihana, e hālāwai me nā noi like ʻole e like me nā hoʻokolohua ʻepekema, nā mea kanu pilote, a me ka hana ʻana.Kaomi ma ka loulou e ʻimi i nā kikoʻī huahana pili e ʻike i ka ʻike kikoʻī.
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Ka manawa hoʻouna: Sep-26-2023