ʻErbium, ka helu atomic 68, aia ma ka 6th pōʻai o ka papaʻaina kemika, lanthanide (IIIB group) helu 11, atomic kaumaha 167.26, a me ka inoa element mai ka paena ike o ka honua yttrium.
ʻErbiumhe 0.000247% i loko o ka ʻōpala a loaʻa i nā mea he nuihonua lahanā minerala. Aia i loko o nā pōhaku igneous a hiki ke loaʻa ma ka electrolysis a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ErCl3. Noho pū ʻo ia me nā mea ʻē aʻe kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe kakaikahi i loko o ka yttrium phosphate a me ka ʻeleʻelehonua lahawaiho gula.
Ionichonua lahanā minela: Jiangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Hunan, Guangxi, etc. ma Kina. Phosphorus yttrium ore: Malaysia, Guangxi, Guangdong, Kina. Monazite: Nā wahi kahakai o Australia, nā wahi kahakai o India, Guangdong, Kina, a me nā wahi kahakai o Taiwan.
ʻIke ʻana i ka mōʻaukala
Ua ʻike ʻia i ka makahiki 1843
Kaʻina hana ʻike: Ua ʻike ʻia e CG Mosander i ka makahiki 1843. Ua kapa mua ʻo ia i ka oxide o ka erbium terbium oxide, no laila ma nā palapala mua,terbium oxideaerbium oxideua huikau. ʻAʻole ma hope o ka makahiki 1860 i pono ai ka hoʻoponopono ʻana.
I loko o ka manawa like me ka loaʻa ʻana olanthanum, Ua kālailai a aʻo ʻo Mossander i ka yttrium i ʻike mua ʻia, a hoʻopuka i kahi hōʻike i ka makahiki 1842, e wehewehe ana ʻo ka honua yttrium i ʻike mua ʻia ʻaʻole ia he mea hoʻokahi elemental oxide, akā he oxide o ʻekolu mau mea. Ua kapa ʻo ia i kekahi o lākou he honua yttrium, a ʻo kekahi o lākou he erbia (erbiumhonua). Ua koho ʻia ka hōʻailona element e like me Er. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka erbium a me ʻelua mau mea ʻē aʻe,lanthanumahoʻopaʻapaʻa, wehe i ka lua o ka puka i ka loaa ana ohonua lahanā mea, e hōʻailona ana i ka pae ʻelua o kā lākou ʻike. ʻO kā lākou ʻike ʻana ʻo ia ka ʻike ʻana o ʻekoluhonua lahanā mea ma hope o nā mea ʻeluaceriumayttrium.
hoʻonohonoho ʻelepona
Hoʻolālā uila:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f12
ʻO ka ikehu ionization mua he 6.10 electron volts. ʻO nā waiwai kemika a me ke kino ua aneane like me ka holmium a me ka dysprosium.
Aia nā isotopes o ka erbium: 162Er, 164Er, 166Er, 167Er, 168Er, 170Er.
Metala
ʻErbiumhe metala keʻokeʻo kālā, palupalu ke ʻano, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai a hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o nā waikawa. ʻO nā paʻakai a me nā oxides he poni a ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka helu heheʻe 1529 ° C, kahi e hoʻolapalapa ai 2863 ° C, 9.006 g/cm ³.
ʻErbiumhe antiferromagnetic ma nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ikaika ferromagnetic kokoke i ka ʻole ʻole, a he superconductor.
ʻErbiumhoʻoheheʻe lohi ʻia e ka ea a me ka wai ma ka lumi wela, e loaʻa ai kahi kala ʻulaʻula rose.
Noi:
Kona oxideEr2O3he kala ʻulaʻula rose i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i ka ipu ipu aniani.Erbium oxidehoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana seramika e hana i kahi enamel poni.
ʻErbiumloaʻa nō hoʻi kekahi mau noi i ka ʻoihana nuklea a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hao no nā metala ʻē aʻe. No ka laʻana, dopingerbiumi loko o ka vanadium hiki ke hoʻonui i kona ductility.
I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻanaerbiumaia i ka hana ana oerbiumdoped fiber amplifier (EDFAs). ʻO ka maunu doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) i hoʻokumu mua ʻia e ke Kulanui o Southampton i ka makahiki 1985. ʻO ia kekahi o nā mea nui loa i ke kamaʻilio fiber optic a hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ia ka "gas station" o kēia lā lōʻihi ʻike ʻike superhighway.ʻErbiumʻO ka pulupulu doped ke kumu o ka mea hoʻonui ma o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i kahi liʻiliʻi o nā ion erbium element laha ʻole (Er3+) i loko o kahi fiber quartz. ʻO ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā ʻumi a i nā haneli ppm o ka erbium i nā fiber optical hiki ke hoʻopaʻi i nā poho o ka optical i nā ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio.ʻErbiumdoped fiber amplifiers ua like ia me ka "pumping station" o ka malamalama, e ae ana i na hoailona optical e lawe me ka attenuation ole mai ke kahua i ke kahua, pela smoothly wehe 'ana i ka 'enehana ala no keia manawa lōʻihi, kiʻekiʻe-kaha, a me ka kiʻekiʻe-wikiwiki fiber optic kamaʻilio.
ʻO kahi hotspot noi ʻē aʻe oerbiumhe laser, ʻoi aku ma ke ʻano he mea laser lapaʻau.ʻErbiumʻO ka laser he laser pulse state solid me ka lōʻihi o ka nalu o 2940nm, hiki ke hoʻopili ikaika ʻia e nā molekala wai i loko o nā ʻiʻo kanaka, e loaʻa ana nā hopena koʻikoʻi me ka liʻiliʻi o ka ikehu. Hiki iā ia ke ʻoki pololei, wili, a ʻoki i nā ʻiʻo palupalu. Hoʻohana pū ʻia ka laser Erbium YAG no ka unuhi ʻana i ka cataract.ʻErbiumKe wehe nei nā mea lapaʻau laser i nā kahua noi ākea no ka ʻoki laser.
ʻErbiumHiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he ion hoʻāla no nā mea laser upconversion honua.ʻErbiumHiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea laser upconversion i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: hoʻokahi kristal (fluoride, oxygen-containing paakai) a me ke aniani (fiber), e like me ka erbium-doped yttrium aluminate (YAP: Er3+) crystals a me Er3 + doped ZBLAN fluoride (ZrF4-BaF2-LaF3-AlF3-NaF) i kēia manawa he mau aniani fibers. BaYF5: Yb3+, Er3+ hiki ke hoʻololi i ke kukui infrared i kukui ʻike ʻia, a ua hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻia kēia multiphoton upconversion luminescent material i nā mea ʻike pō.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Oct-25-2023