Ma muli o ka hoʻolako ʻana i nā kaulahao a me nā pilikia kaiapuni, ke hana ikaika nei ka ʻoihana powertrain o Tesla e wehe i nā mea hoʻokalakupua honua mai nā kaʻa a ke ʻimi nei i nā hopena ʻē aʻe.
ʻAʻole i hana ʻo Tesla i kahi mea magnet hou loa, no laila hiki ke hana me ka ʻenehana i kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ferrite maʻalahi a maʻalahi.
Ma ka hoʻonohonoho pono ʻana i nā magnet ferrite a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka hoʻolālā kaʻa, nui nā hōʻailona hana ohonua lahahiki ke hana hou ʻia nā kaʻa hoʻokele.I kēia hihia, piʻi wale ke kaumaha o ke kaʻa ma kahi o 30%, he ʻokoʻa liʻiliʻi paha ia e hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ke kaumaha holoʻokoʻa o ke kaʻa.
4. Pono e loa'a i nā mea magnet hou nā hi'ohi'ona kumu 'ekolu: 1) pono ke loa'a iā lākou ka magnetism;2) E hoʻomau i ka mālama ʻana i ka magnetism i mua o nā māla magnetic ʻē aʻe;3) Hiki ke pale i nā wela kiʻekiʻe.
Wahi a Tencent Technology News, ua haʻi aku ka mea hana kaʻa uila ʻo Tesla ʻaʻole e hoʻohana hou ʻia nā mea o ka honua i loko o kāna mau kaʻa kaʻa, ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻokuʻu piha ai nā ʻenekinia Tesla i kā lākou hana no ka ʻimi ʻana i nā hopena ʻē aʻe.
I ka mahina i hala aku nei, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻo Elon Musk i ka "Mahele ʻekolu o ka Master Plan" ma ka hanana Tesla Investor Day.I waena o lākou, aia kahi kikoʻī liʻiliʻi i hoʻokumu i kahi manaʻo i ke kahua o ka physics.Ua hoʻolaha ʻo Colin Campbell, he luna koʻikoʻi ma ke keʻena powertrain o Tesla, e wehe ana kāna hui i nā mea magnet honua mai nā kaʻa ma muli o nā pilikia kaulahao a me ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ka hana ʻana i nā mea magnet honua.
No ka hoʻokō ʻana i kēia pahuhopu, ua hōʻike ʻo Campbell i ʻelua mau paheʻe e pili ana i ʻekolu mau mea pohihihi i kapa ʻia ma ke akamai ʻo ka honua 1, ka honua 2, a me ka honua 3. ʻO ka paheʻe mua e hōʻike ana i ke kūlana o Tesla i kēia manawa, kahi i hoʻohana ʻia e ka hui i kēlā me kēia kaʻa. mai ka hapalua kilo a hiki i ka 10 grams.Ma ka paheʻe ʻelua, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea ʻeleʻele like ʻole i ka ʻole.
No ka poʻe magnetologists e aʻo nei i ka mana kupua i hana ʻia e ka neʻe uila i kekahi mau mea, ʻike maʻalahi ka ʻike o ka honua 1, ʻo ia ka neodymium.Ke hoʻohui ʻia i nā mea maʻamau e like me ka hao a me ka boron, hiki i kēia metala ke kōkua i ka hana ʻana i kahi māla ikaika, mau ma luna o ka pā magnetic.Akā, liʻiliʻi nā mea i loaʻa i kēia ʻano maikaʻi, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea o ka honua laha ʻole e hoʻohua i nā māla magnetic e hiki ke hoʻoneʻe i nā kaʻa Tesla ma luna o 2000 kilokani, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui mai nā robots ʻoihana a i nā mokulele fighter.Inā hoʻolālā ʻo Tesla e hoʻoneʻe i ka neodymium a me nā mea ʻē aʻe o ka honua ʻē aʻe mai ka kaʻa, ʻo wai ka mea e hoʻohana ai?
No nā physicists, hoʻokahi mea i maopopo: ʻAʻole i hana ʻo Tesla i kahi ʻano mea magnetic hou loa.Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Andy Blackburn, ka Hope Pelekikena Nui o ka Strategy ma NIron Magnets, "Ma kahi o 100 mau makahiki, he mau manawa liʻiliʻi wale nō kā mākou e loaʻa ai nā mea hoʻonaninani ʻoihana hou."ʻO NIron Magnets kekahi o nā mea hoʻomaka liʻiliʻi e hoʻāʻo nei e hopu i ka manawa aʻe.
Manaʻo ʻo Blackburn a me nā mea ʻē aʻe ua hoʻoholo ʻo Tesla e hana me kahi magnet ʻoi aku ka ikaika.Ma waena o nā mea hiki, ʻo ka ferrite ka moho maopopo loa: he seramika i haku ʻia me ka hao a me ka oxygen, i hui pū ʻia me kahi metala liʻiliʻi e like me ka strontium.He mea maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi ka hana ʻana, a mai ka makahiki 1950, ua hana ʻia nā puka friji a puni ka honua i kēia ala.
Akā ma ke ʻano o ka leo, ʻo ka magnetism o ka ferrite he hoʻokahi hapaʻumi wale nō o nā magnet neodymium, kahi e hāpai ai i nā nīnau hou.Ua ʻike mau ʻia ʻo Tesla CEO Elon Musk no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻole ʻana, akā inā e hoʻololi ʻo Tesla i ferrite, me he mea lā e pono e hana ʻia kekahi mau ʻae.
He mea maʻalahi ke manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo ia ka mana o nā kaʻa uila, akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka hoʻokele electromagnetic ka mea e hoʻokele ai i nā kaʻa uila.ʻAʻole ia he coincidence i kapa ʻia ʻo Tesla Company a me ka ʻāpana magnetic "Tesla" ma hope o ka mea hoʻokahi.Ke holo nei nā electrons i loko o nā wili i loko o kahi kaʻa, hana lākou i kahi kahua electromagnetic e hoʻokele i ka mana magnetic ʻē aʻe, e hoʻohuli ai ke kumu o ke kaʻa me nā huila.
No nā huila hope o nā kaʻa Tesla, ua hāʻawi ʻia kēia mau pūʻali e nā kaʻa me nā magnet mau, kahi mea ʻē aʻe me kahi kahua magnetic paʻa a ʻaʻohe hoʻokomo i kēia manawa, mahalo i ka wili akamai o nā electrons a puni nā atoms.Ua hoʻomaka wale ʻo Tesla e hoʻohui i kēia mau magnet i nā kaʻa ma kahi o ʻelima mau makahiki i hala aku nei, i mea e hoʻonui ai i ka laulā a hoʻonui i ka torque me ka ʻole o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka pākaukau.Ma mua o kēia, ua hoʻohana ka hui i nā kaʻa induction i hana ʻia a puni nā electromagnets, e hoʻoulu ai i ka magnetism ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka uila.Ke hoʻohana mau nei kēlā mau hiʻohiʻona me nā kaʻa mua i kēia ʻano.
ʻO ka neʻe ʻana o Tesla e haʻalele i nā honua a me nā magnets he mea ʻē aʻe.Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia nā hui kaʻa i ka maikaʻi, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka hihia o nā kaʻa uila, kahi e hoʻāʻo nei lākou e hoʻohuli i nā mea hoʻokele e lanakila i ko lākou makaʻu i ka laulā.Akā i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā mea hana kaʻa e hoʻonui i ka nui o ka hana ʻana o nā kaʻa uila, nui nā papahana i manaʻo ʻia he maikaʻi ʻole ke ulu hou nei.
Ua hoʻoikaika kēia i nā mea hana kaʻa, me Tesla, e hana i nā kaʻa hou aʻe me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pihi lithium iron phosphate (LFP).Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā ʻāpana i loaʻa nā mea e like me ka cobalt a me ka nickel, ʻoi aku ka pōkole o kēia mau hiʻohiʻona.He ʻenehana kahiko kēia me ke kaumaha nui a me ka hiki ke mālama haʻahaʻa.I kēia manawa, ʻo ka Model 3 i hoʻohana ʻia e ka mana haʻahaʻa he 272 mau mile (ma kahi o 438 mau kilomita), ʻoiai ʻo ka Model S mamao i lako ʻia me nā pihi ʻoi aku ka hiki ke hiki i 400 mau mile (640 mau kilomita).Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pā lithium iron phosphate, no ka mea e pale aku i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea ʻoi aku ka pipiʻi a me nā mea pili i ka politika.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻololi wale ʻo Tesla i nā magnet me kahi mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, e like me ka ferrite, me ka ʻole o nā hoʻololi ʻē aʻe.Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Alaina Vishna, kaukaʻi o ke Kulanui o Uppsala, "E lawe ʻoe i kahi magnet nui i kāu kaʻa.ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, ʻo nā mīkini uila he mau mīkini paʻakikī me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe he nui i hiki ke hoʻonohonoho hou ʻia e hōʻemi i ka hopena o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā magnet nāwaliwali.
I loko o nā hiʻohiʻona kamepiula, ʻo ka hui waiwai ʻo Proterial i hoʻoholo i kēia manawa he nui nā hōʻailona hana o nā kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia e ka hoʻonohonoho pono ʻana i nā magnet ferrite a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka hoʻolālā kaʻa.I kēia hihia, piʻi wale ke kaumaha o ke kaʻa ma kahi o 30%, he ʻokoʻa liʻiliʻi paha ia e hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ke kaumaha holoʻokoʻa o ke kaʻa.
ʻOiai ʻo kēia mau poʻo poʻo, he nui nā kumu e haʻalele ai nā hui kaʻa e haʻalele i nā mea o ka honua, inā hiki iā lākou ke hana pēlā.ʻO ke kumukūʻai o ka mākeke honua āpau e like me ka mākeke hua manu ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, a me ka manaʻo, hiki ke ʻimi ʻia, hana ʻia, a hoʻololi ʻia i nā mea hoʻonaninani honua, akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ke hōʻike nei kēia mau kaʻina i nā pilikia he nui.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Thomas Krumer, ka mea loiloi mineral a me ka mea kākau moʻolelo ʻike honua kaulana, "He ʻoihana $10 biliona kēia, akā ʻo ka waiwai o nā huahana i hana ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki mai ka $2 trillion a $ 3 trillion, he lever nui.Pela no na kaa.ʻOiai inā loaʻa iā lākou he mau kilokani wale nō o kēia mea, ʻo ka wehe ʻana iā lākou ʻo ia ka mea ʻaʻole hiki ke holo hou nā kaʻa ke ʻole ʻoe makemake e hoʻolālā hou i ka mīkini holoʻokoʻa.
Ke hoʻāʻo nei ʻo ʻAmelika a me ʻEulopa e hoʻololi i kēia kaulahao lako.Ua wehe hou ʻia nā mines rare earth ma Kaleponi, i pani ʻia i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 21, a hāʻawi i kēia manawa i ka 15% o nā kumu waiwai o ka honua.Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, pono nā keʻena aupuni (ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo ka Department of Defense) e hāʻawi i nā mea mana ikaika no nā mea hana e like me nā mokulele a me nā satelite, a hauʻoli lākou i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā kaulahao lako ma ka home a ma nā wahi e like me Iapana a me ʻEulopa.Akā no ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ke kumukūʻai, ka ʻenehana koi, a me nā pilikia kaiapuni, he kaʻina lohi kēia e hiki ke mau no kekahi mau makahiki a i ʻole mau makahiki.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mei-11-2023