honua laha ole/ nā mea ʻeleʻele
ʻO nā mea Lanthanide me nā helu atomika mai ka 57 a hiki i ka 71 i ka papaʻaina, ʻo ia hoʻilanthanum(La),cerium(Ce),praseodymium(Pr),neodymium(Nd), promethium (Pm)
Samarium(Sm),europium(Eu),gadolinium(Gd),hoʻopaʻapaʻa(Tb),dysprosium(Dy),holmium(Ho),erbium(Er),thulium(Tm),ytterbium(Yb),lutetium(Lu), a mescandium(Sc) me ka helu atomika 21 ayttrium(Y) me ka helu atomika 39, ka huina 17 mau mea
Hōʻike ka hōʻailona RE i kahi hui o nā mea me nā waiwai kemika like.
I kēia manawa, i loko o ka ʻoihana honua laha ʻole a me nā kūlana huahana, ʻike pinepine ʻia nā ʻāina laha ʻole i 15 mau mea koe wale no ka promethium (Pm) a mescandium(Sc).
Māmāhonua laha
ʻO ka huaʻōlelo maʻamau no nā mea ʻehā olanthanum(La),cerium(Ce),praseodymium(Pr), aneodymium(Nd).
Kauwaenahonua laha
ʻO ka huaʻōlelo maʻamau no nā mea ʻekolu oSamarium(Sm),europium(Eu), agadolinium(Gd).
Kaumahahonua laha
ʻO ka huaʻōlelo maʻamau no nā mea ʻewalu ohoʻopaʻapaʻa(Tb),dysprosium(Dy),holmium(Ho),erbium(Er),thulium(Tm),ytterbium(Yb),lutetium(Lu), ayttrium(Y).
He hui onā ʻāina laha ʻoleka nui i haku iacerium, me ʻeono mau mea:lanthanum(La),cerium(Ce),praseodymium(Pr),neodymium(Nd),Samarium(Sm),europium(Eu).
He hui ohonua lahanā mea i haku ʻia me ka yttrium, megadolinium(Gd),hoʻopaʻapaʻa(Tb),dysprosium(Dy),holmium(Ho),erbium(Er),thulium(Tm),ytterbium(Yb),lutetium(Lu), ayttrium(Y).
Lanthanide hōʻemi
ʻO ka hanana kahi e emi mālie ai ka radii atomic a me ka ionic o nā mea lanthanide me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka helu atomic i kapa ʻia ʻo lanthanide contraction.Hana ʻia
Ke kumu: I loko o nā mea lanthanide, no kēlā me kēia proton i hoʻohui ʻia i ka nucleus, komo kahi electron i ka orbital 4f, a ʻaʻole pale ka electron 4f i ka nucleus e like me nā electron i loko, no laila e piʻi aʻe ka helu atomika.
Eia kekahi, hoʻonui ka nānā ʻana i ka huki ʻana o nā electrons o waho, e hoʻemi mālie i ka radii atomic a me ka ionic.
He huaʻōlelo maʻamau no nā metala i hana ʻia e ka paʻakai hoʻoheheʻe electrolysis, ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa wela metala, a i ʻole nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe e hoʻohana ana i hoʻokahi a ʻoi aʻe paha o nā pūhui honua laha ʻole ma ke ʻano he kumu.
He metala i loaʻa mai ka pūhui o kekahi ʻano honua laha ʻole e ka paʻakai hoʻoheheʻe electrolysis, ka hoʻemi wela metala, a i ʻole nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe.
Huipuiametala lepo laha ole
He huaʻōlelo maʻamau no nā mea i haku ʻia i ʻelua a ʻoi aku pahametala honua laha ole,maʻa maulanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium.
ʻO ka huaʻōlelo maʻamau no nā pūhui i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hui ʻana o nā mea ʻenekele honua a me nā mea oxygen, i hōʻike pinepine ʻia e ka formula kemika RExOy.
hoʻokahiʻohe lepo lāʻau
He hui i hana ʻia e ka hui ʻana o ahonua lahaelement a me oxygen element.
Maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻeʻohe lepo lāʻau
He hua'ōlelo maʻamau nonā ʻokikene honua laha ʻoleme ka maʻemaʻe pili ʻaʻole i emi iho ma mua o 99.99%.
Huipuianā ʻokikene honua laha ʻole
He hui i hana ʻia e ka hui ʻana o ʻelua a ʻoi aku pahahonua lahanā mea me ka oxygen.
honua laha olepūhui
He huaʻōlelo maʻamau no nā pūhui i loaʻanā ʻāina laha ʻolei hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hui ʻana o nā metala honua laha ʻole a i ʻole nā mea hoʻoheheʻe honua me nā ʻakika a i ʻole nā kumu.
honua laha olehalida
ʻO ka huaʻōlelo maʻamau no nā pūhui i hana ʻia e ka hui ʻana ohonua lahanā mea a me nā mea hui halogen.No ka laʻana, hōʻike pinepine ʻia ka chloride honua laha ʻole e ka formula kemika RECl3;Hōʻike pinepine ʻia ka fluoride honua lāʻau ʻole e ka formula kemika REFy.
ʻO ka honua sulphate
ʻO ka huaʻōlelo maʻamau no nā pūhui i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hui ʻana o nā iona honua laha a me nā ion sulfate, i hōʻike pinepine ʻia e ka formula kemika REx (SO4) y.
ʻO ka huaʻōlelo maʻamau no nā pūhui i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hui ʻana o nā iona honua laha a me nā ion nitrate, e hōʻike pinepine ʻia e ke ʻano kemika RE (NO3) y.
ʻO ka carbonate honua laha
ʻO ka huaʻōlelo maʻamau no nā pūhui i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hui ʻana o nā iona honua laha a me nā iona carbonate, ka mea maʻamau e hōʻike ʻia e ka formula kemika REx (CO3) y.
ʻOxalate honua laha ʻole
ʻO ka huaʻōlelo maʻamau no nā pūhui i hana ʻia e ka hui ʻana o nā iona honua laha a me nā ion oxalate, i hōʻike pinepine ʻia e ke ʻano kemika REx (C2O4) y.
ʻO ka phosphate honua kakaikahi
ʻO ka huaʻōlelo maʻamau no nā pūhui i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hui ʻana o nā iona honua laha a me nā ion phosphate, i hōʻike pinepine ʻia e ke ʻano kemika REx (PO4) y.
Acetate honua laha ole
ʻO ka huaʻōlelo maʻamau no nā pūhui i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hui ʻana o nā iona honua laha a me nā ion acetate, i hōʻike pinepine ʻia e ka formula kemika REx (C2H3O2) y.
ʻAlikahonua laha
ʻO ka huaʻōlelo maʻamau no nā pūhui i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hui ʻana o nā iona honua laha a me nā ion hydroxide, i hōʻike pinepine ʻia e ka formula kemika RE (OH) y.
ʻO ka honua stearate
ʻO ka huaʻōlelo maʻamau no nā pūhui i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hui ʻana o nā iona honua laha a me nā radical stearate, i hōʻike pinepine ʻia e ka formula kemika REx (C18H35O2) y.
citrate honua laha ole
ʻO ka huaʻōlelo maʻamau no nā pūhui i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hui ʻana o nā iona honua laha a me nā ion citrate, i hōʻike pinepine ʻia e ka formula kemika REx (C6H5O7) y.
ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka honua
ʻO ka huaʻōlelo maʻamau no nā huahana i loaʻa ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka neʻe ʻana o nā mea o ka honua maʻamau ma o nā ʻano kemika a kino paha.
honua laha oleka maemae
ʻO ka hapa nui ohonua laha(metala a oxide) ma ke ʻano he mea nui i loko o ka hui ʻana, i hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he pākēneka.
Maʻemaʻe pili onā ʻāina laha ʻole
E pili ana i ka hakina nui o kekahihonua lahamea (metala a oxide) i ka huina nui ohonua laha(metala a i ʻole oxide), i hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he pākēneka.
Huinahonua lahamaʻiʻo
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea ʻeleʻele laha ʻole i nā huahana, i hōʻike ʻia ma ka pākēneka.Hōʻike ʻia nā oxides a me ko lākou mau paʻakai e REO, ʻoiai ʻo nā metala a me ko lākou mau paʻakai e hōʻike ʻia e RE.
ʻOkika honua laha ʻolemaʻiʻo
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻāina laha ʻole i hōʻike ʻia e REO i loko o ka huahana, i hōʻike ʻia ma ka pākēneka.
hoʻokahihonua lahamaʻiʻo
ʻO ka hakina nui o hoʻokahihonua lahai loko o kahi hui, i hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he pākēneka.
honua laha olehaumia
I loko o nā huahana honua rare,honua lahanā mea ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe ma mua o nā mea nui o nā huahana honua rare.
ʻAʻolehonua lahahaumia
I loko o nā huahana honua rare, nā mea ʻē aʻehonua lahamau mea.
Hoemi kuni
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā pūhui honua laha ʻole i nalowale ma hope o ka puhi ʻia ʻana ma lalo o nā kūlana i kuhikuhi ʻia, i hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he pākēneka.
Mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka ʻakika
Ma lalo o nā kūlana i kuhikuhi ʻia, ʻo ka hapa o nā mea hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi ʻia i loko o ka huahana i ka hapa nui o ka huahana, i hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he pākēneka.
Ka hoʻoheheʻe wai
ʻO ka turbidity o ka quantitatively dissolvedhonua lahahalida i ka wai.
Pākuʻi honua laha ʻole
He mea i haku ʻia mehonua lahanā mea a me nā mea ʻē aʻe me nā waiwai metala.
Pākuʻi waena waena o ka honua
ʻO ke kūlana hoʻololiʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele rkoiia no ka hana ana ohonua lahahuahana.
honua laha olemea hana
Ke hoʻohana neihonua lahaʻO nā mea e like me ka mea nui a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kā lākou optical maikaʻi, uila, magnetic, chemical a me nā waiwai kūikawā ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia nā hopena kino kūikawā, kemika, a me ke olaola e hoʻokō i ka kūleʻa.
He ʻano mea hana i hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia kekahi i kekahi.Hoʻohana nui ʻia e like me nā mea ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana hana like ʻole a hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻano ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe.Hoʻohana maʻamauhonua lahaʻO nā mea hana i loaʻa nā mea luminescent honua laʻa a me ka magnetism honua
Nā mea waiwai, nā mea hoʻopaʻa hydrogen honua, nā mea hoʻoliʻi honua, nā mea catalytic honua, etc.
honua laha olemea hoʻohui
I mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hana o ka huahana, hoʻohui ʻia kahi mea liʻiliʻi o ka honua i loaʻa nā mea i ka wā o ka hana ʻana.
honua laha olemea hoʻohui
ʻO nā pūhui honua laha ʻole e pāʻani ana i kahi hana kōkua i nā mea kemika a me ka polymer.honua laha oleʻO nā pūhui he mea hoʻohui i ka hoʻomākaukau a me ka hana ʻana o nā mea polymer (plastic, rubber, synthetic fibers, etc.)
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui hana he hopena kūʻokoʻa i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea polymer a hāʻawi iā lākou i nā hana hou.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka slag
Oxides a i ʻole nā mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe i lawe ʻia i loko o nā mea e like menā mea metala lepo laha ʻole, uwea, a me na laau.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻāina laha ʻole
E pili ana i ka pilina pili ma waena o nā mea i loko o nā ʻano like ʻolehonua lahanā pūhui i loko o nā pūhui honua laha ʻole, i hōʻike maʻamau ʻia ma ke ʻano he pākēneka o nā mea ʻeleʻele laha ʻole a i ʻole ko lākou mau oxide.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻOkakopa-30-2023