Hoʻopau Metala – Gallium

Aia kekahi ʻano metala he kupua loa.I ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā, ʻike ʻia ia ma ke ʻano wai e like me ka mercury.Inā hāʻule ʻoe ma luna o ke kini, e kāhāhā ana ʻoe i ka lilo ʻana o ka ʻōmole i mea palupalu e like me ka pepa, a nahā ia me ka poke wale.Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hāʻule ʻana ma luna o nā metala e like me ke keleawe a me ka hao ke kumu o kēia kūlana, hiki ke kapa ʻia ʻo "metal terminator".He aha ke kumu o ia mau ano?I kēia lā e komo mākou i ka honua o ka gallium metala.

1. He aha ka meametala galiuma

Aia ka mea Gallium i ka hui IIIA o ka manawa ʻehā i ka papa ʻaina o nā mea.He haʻahaʻa loa ka helu heheʻe o ka gallium maʻemaʻe, he 29.78 ℃ wale nō, akā ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ka paila e like me 2204.8 ℃.I ke kauwela, aia ka hapa nui o ia mea ma ke ʻano he wai a hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ke kau ʻia ma ka pāma.Mai nā waiwai i luna aʻe, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻomaopopo he hiki i ka gallium ke ʻino i nā metala ʻē aʻe ma muli o kona wahi heheʻe haʻahaʻa.Hoʻokumu ka gallium wai i nā ʻāpana me nā metala ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia ka mea kupanaha i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua.Ma kahi o 0.001% wale nō kona ʻike i loko o ka ʻōpala o ka Honua, a ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia kona ola a hiki i 140 mau makahiki i hala.I ka makahiki 1871, ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻo Mendeleev chemist Lūkia i ka papaʻaina o nā mea a me ka wānana ma hope o ka zinc, aia kekahi mea ma lalo o ka alumini, nona nā waiwai like me ka alumini a ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he "element like alumini".I ka makahiki 1875, i ka wā e aʻo ana ka ʻepekema Farani ʻo Bowabordland i nā kānāwai laina spectral o nā mea metala o ka ʻohana hoʻokahi, ua ʻike ʻo ia i kahi pahu kukui ʻē aʻe i ka sphalerite (ZnS), no laila ua loaʻa iā ia kēia "element like alumini", a laila kapa ʻia ma hope o kona ʻāina makuahine. ʻO Farani (Gaul, Latin Gallia), me ka hōʻailona Ga e hōʻike i kēia mea, no laila ua lilo ke gallium i mea mua i wānana ʻia ma ka mōʻaukala o ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea kemika, a laila loaʻa ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā hoʻokolohua.

Hāʻawi nui ʻia ʻo Gallium ma Kina, Kelemānia, Palani, Australia, Kazakhstan a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe o ka honua, kahi o nā kumu waiwai gallium o Kina i ʻoi aku ma mua o 95% o ka honua holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ka hapa nui ma Shanxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, Henan, Guangxi. a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe [1].Ma ke ʻano o ka hāʻawi ʻana, ʻo Shanxi, Shandong a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe e noho nui ana i ka bauxite, ʻo Yunnan a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe i loko o ka tin ore, a ʻo Hunan a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe i loko o ka sphalerite.I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka metala gallium, ma muli o ka nele o ka noiʻi e pili ana i kāna noi, ua manaʻo mau ka poʻe he metala me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.Eia nō naʻe, me ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o ka ʻenehana ʻike a me ke au o ka ikehu hou a me ka ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe, ua loaʻa ka gallium metala i mea koʻikoʻi ma ke kahua ʻike, a ua hoʻonui nui ʻia kāna koi.

2、 Nā kahua hoʻohana o Metal Gallium

1. kahua Semiconductor

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo Gallium ma ke kahua o nā mea semiconductor, me ka gallium arsenide (GaAs) mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia a ʻo ka ʻenehana ka mea ʻoi loa.Ma ke ʻano he mea lawe i ka hoʻolaha ʻike, ʻo nā mea semiconductor ka 80% a i ka 85% o ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka gallium, i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ke kamaʻilio uila.Hiki i nā mea hoʻonui mana o Gallium arsenide ke hoʻonui i ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka kamaʻilio ʻana i 100 mau manawa ma mua o nā pūnaewele 4G, hiki ke hana nui i ke komo ʻana i ka wā 5G.Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka gallium ma ke ʻano he wela wela i nā noi semiconductor ma muli o kona mau hiʻohiʻona wela, wahi hoʻoheheʻe haʻahaʻa, conductivity thermal kiʻekiʻe, a me ka hana kahe maikaʻi.ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka metala gallium ma ke ʻano o ka gallium i hoʻokumu ʻia i loko o nā mea pili wela hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hiki ke hoʻopau wela a me ka pono o nā mea uila.

2. Nā pūnaewele lā

Ua hele ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā pūnaewele lā mai ka monocrystalline silicon solar cell i ka polycrystalline silicon thin film cell.Ma muli o ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe o ka polycrystalline silicon thin film cell, ua ʻike nā mea noiʻi i ke keleawe indium gallium selenium thin film (CIGS) i loko o nā mea semiconductor [3].Loaʻa i nā pūnaewele CIGS nā mea maikaʻi o nā kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, hana pūʻulu nui, a me ka helu hoʻololi photoelectric kiʻekiʻe, no laila e loaʻa ai nā manaʻo hoʻomohala ākea.ʻO ka lua, ʻo ka gallium arsenide solar cell i loaʻa nā pōmaikaʻi nui i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka hoʻololi ʻana i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni lahilahi i hana ʻia me nā mea ʻē aʻe.Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe o nā mea gallium arsenide, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou i kēia manawa i ka aerospace a me nā kahua kaua.

3. Ka ikehu hydrogen

Me ka hoʻonui nui ʻana o ka pilikia o ka ikehu ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, ke ʻimi nei ka poʻe e pani i nā kumu ikehu hou ʻole, kahi i kū ai ka ikehu hydrogen.Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe a me ka palekana haʻahaʻa o ka mālama ʻana i ka hydrogen a me ka lawe ʻana i keakea i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kēia ʻenehana.E like me ka mea metala nui loa i loko o ka ʻōpala, hiki i ka alumini ke hana me ka wai e hana i ka hydrogen ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana, kahi mea mālama hydrogen maikaʻi loa. , ka mea e pale ai i ka hopena, ua ike na mea noii e hiki i ka gallium helu hehee haahaa ke hana i ka huila me ka alumini, a hiki i ka gallium ke hoopau i ka ili o ka alumini oxide, e hiki ai ke hoomau aku [4], a hiki ke hoohana hou ia ka gallium metala. .ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea alumini gallium alloy e hoʻonā nui i ka pilikia o ka hoʻomākaukau wikiwiki a me ka mālama palekana a me ka lawe ʻana i ka ikehu hydrogen, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka palekana, ka hoʻokele waiwai, a me ka palekana o ke kaiapuni.

4. Kahua lapaʻau

Hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia ʻo Gallium i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma muli o kāna mau waiwai radiation kūʻokoʻa, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ke kiʻi ʻana a me ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi ʻino.Loaʻa i nā pūhui Gallium nā hana antifungal a me nā hana antibacterial, a i ka hopena e hoʻokō i ka sterilization ma o ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka metabolism bacteria.A hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā gallium alloys no ka hana ʻana i nā thermometers, e like me ka gallium indium tin thermometers, kahi ʻano hou o ka wai metala i palekana, ʻaʻohe mea ʻawaʻawa, a me ke kaiapuni, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e pani i nā thermometer mercury ʻona.Eia kekahi, hoʻololi kekahi hapa o ka gallium based alloy i ka amalgam kālā kuʻuna a hoʻohana ʻia i nā noi lapaʻau ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopiha niho hou.

3. Nānā

ʻOiai ʻo Kina kekahi o nā mea hana nui o ka gallium ma ka honua, aia nō ka nui o nā pilikia i ka ʻoihana gallium o Kina.Ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka gallium ma ke ʻano he mineral hoa, ua hoʻopuehu ʻia nā ʻoihana hana gallium, a aia nā loulou nāwaliwali i ke kaulahao ʻoihana.He haumia koʻikoʻi ko ke kaʻina hana eli, a ʻo ka hiki ke hana i ka gallium maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe, he nāwaliwali ia, e hilinaʻi nui ana i ka lawe ʻana aku i ke gallium koʻikoʻi ma nā kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa a me ka lawe ʻana mai i ka galium hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia i nā kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe.Eia nō naʻe, me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana, ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke kūlana o ka nohona o nā kānaka, a me ka hoʻohana nui ʻana o ka gallium ma nā ʻano o ka ʻike a me ka ikehu, e piʻi koke ka noi no ka gallium.ʻO ka ʻenehana hana hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka gallium maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe e loaʻa i nā kaohi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻoihana ʻo Kina.He mea nui ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻenehana hou no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hoʻomohala kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana ma Kina.