Ma ka opera lewa a Frank Herbert "Dunes", he mea waiwai maoli i kapa ʻia ʻo "spice mixture" e hāʻawi i ka poʻe i ka hiki ke hoʻokele i ke ao holoʻokoʻa e hoʻokumu i kahi moʻomeheu interstellar.Ma ke ola maoli ma ka Honua, ua hiki i kahi hui o nā metala kūlohelohe i kapa ʻia nā mea ʻenehana honua.Ke piʻi nui nei ke koi no kēia mau ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o Aneane nā huahana uila hou.
Nā ʻāina laha ʻolee hālāwai me nā tausani o nā pono like ʻole - no ka laʻana, hoʻohana ʻia ka cerium ma ke ʻano he catalyst no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka ʻaila, ʻoiaigadoliniumpahele i nā neutrons i loko o ka nuclear reactors.Akā ʻo ka mana koʻikoʻi o kēia mau mea aia i ko lākou luminescence a me ka magnetism.
Ke hilinaʻi nei mākou i ka honua kakaʻikahi e kala i ka pale o kā mākou kelepona akamai, e hoʻohana i ka fluorescence e hōʻike i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā waihona kālā Euro, a me ka hoʻoili ʻana i nā hōʻailona ma lalo o ke kai ma o nā kaula fiber optical.Pono lākou no ka hana ʻana i kekahi o nā magnet ikaika a hilinaʻi loa i ka honua.Hoʻopuka lākou i nā nalu kani i kāu mau pepeiao, hoʻonui i ka ʻike kikohoʻe ma ka lewa, a hoʻololi i ke ala o nā missiles huli wela.Ke hāpai nei ka Rare Earth i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻenehana ʻōmaʻomaʻo, e like me ka mana makani a me nā kaʻa uila, a hiki paha ke hana i nā mea hou o ka kamepiula Quantum.Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Stephen Boyd, he synthetic chemist a kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa, "ʻAʻole pau kēia papa inoa.Aia lākou ma nā wahi a pau
ʻO ka honua laʻa e pili ana i ka Lanthanide lutetium a me 14 mau mea ma waena o ka lanthanum a meyttrium, i loaʻa pinepine i loko o ka waihona hoʻokahi a loaʻa nā waiwai kemika e like me Lanthanide.ʻO kēia mau metala ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele ke ʻano maʻamau i ka plasticity a me nā helu heheʻe a kiʻekiʻe.Aia ko lākou ikaika huna i kā lākou electrons.Loaʻa i nā ʻātoma a pau kahi nucleus i hoʻopuni ʻia e nā electrons, e noho ana ma kahi ʻāpana i kapa ʻia he orbit.ʻO nā electron i loko o ka orbit mamao loa mai ka nucleus he Valence electron, e komo ana i nā hopena kemika a hana i nā mea paʻa me nā mana ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka hapa nui o Lanthanide he pūʻulu koʻikoʻi ʻē aʻe o nā electron, i kapa ʻia ʻo "f-electrons", e noho ana ma ka ʻāpana gula kokoke i ka electron Valence akā kokoke iki i ka nucleus.Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Ana de Bettencourt Dias, he mea hoʻokalakupua inorganic ma ke Kulanui o Nevada, Reno: "ʻO kēia mau f electrons ke kumu i nā waiwai magnetic a me nā luminescent o nā mea honua laha."
ʻO nā honua laha ʻole he pūʻulu o 17 mau mea (i hōʻike ʻia me ka uliuli ma ka papa ʻaina).Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Lanthanide kahi ʻāpana o nā mea ʻene honua (lutetium, Lu, me ka laina i alakaiia elanthanum, La).Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia mea he pūpū, maʻamau i loaʻa i nā electrons f, kahi e loaʻa ai kēia mau mea i nā waiwai magnetic a me ka mālamalama.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Jul-05-2023