Pehea e hiki ai i nā Elements Earth ke hana i ka ʻenehana hou

I loko o ka opera lewa a Frank Herbert "Dunes", he mea waiwai maoli i kapa ʻia ʻo "spice mixture" e hāʻawi i ka poʻe i ka hiki ke hoʻokele i ke ao holoʻokoʻa e hoʻokumu i kahi moʻomeheu interstellar. Ma ke ola maoli ma ka Honua, ua hiki i kahi hui o nā metala kūlohelohe i kapa ʻia nā mea ʻenehana honua. Ke piʻi nui nei ke koi no kēia mau ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o Aneane nā huahana uila hou.

Nā ʻāina laha ʻolee hālāwai me nā tausani o nā pono like ʻole - no ka laʻana, hoʻohana ʻia ka cerium ma ke ʻano he catalyst no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka ʻaila, ʻoiaigadoliniumpahele i nā neutrons i loko o ka nuclear reactors. Akā ʻo ka mana koʻikoʻi o kēia mau mea aia i ko lākou luminescence a me ka magnetism.

Ke hilinaʻi nei mākou i ka honua kakaʻikahi e kala i ka pale o kā mākou kelepona paʻakikī, e hoʻohana i ka fluorescence e hōʻike i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā waihona kālā Euro, a me ka hoʻoili ʻana i nā hōʻailona ma lalo o ke kai ma o nā kaula fiber optical. Pono lākou no ka hana ʻana i kekahi o nā magnet ikaika a hilinaʻi loa i ka honua. Hoʻopuka lākou i nā nalu kani i kāu mau pepeiao, hoʻonui i ka ʻike kikohoʻe ma ka lewa, a hoʻololi i ke ala o nā missiles huli wela. Ke hāpai nei ka Rare Earth i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻenehana ʻōmaʻomaʻo, e like me ka mana makani a me nā kaʻa uila, a hiki paha ke hana i nā mea hou o ka kamepiula Quantum. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Stephen Boyd, he synthetic chemist a kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa, "ʻAʻole pau kēia papa inoa. Aia lākou ma nā wahi a pau

ʻO ka honua laʻa e pili ana i ka Lanthanide lutetium a me 14 mau mea ma waena o ka lanthanum a meyttrium, i loaʻa pinepine i loko o ka waihona hoʻokahi a loaʻa nā waiwai kemika e like me Lanthanide. ʻO kēia mau metala ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele ke ʻano maʻamau i ka plasticity a me nā helu heheʻe a kiʻekiʻe. Aia ko lākou ikaika huna i kā lākou electrons. Loaʻa i nā ʻātoma a pau kahi nucleus i hoʻopuni ʻia e nā electrons, e noho ana ma kahi ʻāpana i kapa ʻia he orbit. ʻO nā electron i loko o ka orbit mamao loa mai ka nucleus he Valence electron, e komo ana i nā hopena kemika a hana i nā mea paʻa me nā mana ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka hapa nui o Lanthanide he pūʻulu koʻikoʻi ʻē aʻe o nā electron, i kapa ʻia ʻo "f-electrons", e noho ana ma ka ʻāpana gula kokoke i ka electron Valence akā kokoke iki i ka nucleus. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Ana de Bettencourt Dias, he mea hoʻokalakupua inorganic ma ke Kulanui o Nevada, Reno: "ʻO kēia mau f electrons ke kumu i nā waiwai magnetic a me nā luminescent o nā mea honua laha."

ʻO nā honua laha ʻole he hui o 17 mau mea (i hōʻike ʻia me ka polū ma ka papaʻaina). Ua kapa ʻia kahi ʻāpana o nā mea ʻeleʻele koʻikoʻi ʻo Lanthanide (lutetium, Lu, me ka laina i alakaiia elanthanum, La). Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia mea he pūpū, maʻamau i loaʻa nā f electrons, kahi e loaʻa ai kēia mau mea i nā waiwai magnetic a mālamalama.