I loko o ka honua kilokilo o kemika,bariumua hoʻokipa mau i ka manaʻo o ka poʻe ʻepekema me kāna hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa a me ka hoʻohana ākea. ʻOiai ʻaʻole like ka nani o kēia mea metala keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo e like me ke gula a i ʻole ke kālā, he hana koʻikoʻi ia ma nā ʻano he nui. Mai nā mea hana pololei i loko o nā keʻena noiʻi ʻepekema a hiki i nā kumu waiwai nui i ka hana ʻoihana a hiki i nā reagents diagnostic i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ua kākau ʻo barium i ka moʻolelo o ke kemika me kāna mau waiwai a me kāna mau hana.
I ka makahiki 1602, ua ʻala ʻo Cassio Lauro, ka mea hana kāmaʻa ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Italia ʻo Porra, i kahi barite i loaʻa ka barium sulfate me kahi mea hoʻopau i loko o kahi hoʻokolohua a kāhāhā i ka ʻike ʻana ua hiki ke ʻā i ka pōʻeleʻele. Ua hoʻāla ʻia kēia ʻike i ka hoihoi nui o ka poʻe naʻauao i kēlā manawa, a ua kapa ʻia ka pōhaku ʻo Porra stone a ua lilo ia i mea nui o ka noiʻi ʻana e nā mea kemika ʻEulopa.
Eia naʻe, ʻo ka mea hoʻokalakupua Suedena ʻo Scheele ka mea i hōʻoia maoli he mea hou ka barium. Ua ʻike ʻo ia i ka barium oxide i ka makahiki 1774 a kapa ʻia ʻo "Baryta" (honua kaumaha). Ua aʻo hohonu ʻo ia i kēia mea a manaʻoʻiʻo ua haku ʻia me ka honua hou (oxide) i hui pū ʻia me ka sulfuric acid. ʻElua mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua hoʻomehana maikaʻi ʻo ia i ka nitrate o kēia lepo hou a loaʻa iā ia ka oxide maʻemaʻe.
Eia naʻe, ʻoiai ua ʻike ʻo Scheele i ka oxide o ka barium, ʻaʻole a hiki i ka makahiki 1808 i hoʻopuka maikaʻi ʻia ka metala barium ma ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i kahi electrolyte i hana ʻia mai ka barite. Ua ʻike ʻia kēia ʻike i ka hōʻoia ʻana o ka barium ma ke ʻano he mea metala, a ua wehe pū i ka huakaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka barium ma nā ʻano āpau.
Mai ia manawa, ua hoʻonui mau ke kanaka i ko lākou ʻike no ka barium. Ua ʻimi nā kānaka ʻepekema i nā mea pohihihi o ke ʻano a hāpai i ka holomua o ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana ma o ke aʻo ʻana i nā waiwai a me nā ʻano o ka barium. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka barium i ka noiʻi ʻepekema, ʻoihana, a me nā ʻoihana lapaʻau ua hoʻonui nui ʻia, e lawe mai ana i ka ʻoluʻolu a me ka hōʻoluʻolu i ke ola o ke kanaka. Ua ʻimi mau ka poʻe ʻepekema i nā mea pohihihi o ke ʻano a hāpai i ka holomua o ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana ma ke aʻo ʻana i nā waiwai a me nā ʻano o ka barium. I ka manawa like, ke pāʻani mālie nei ka barium i ko mākou ola i kēlā me kēia lā, e lawe mai ana i ka ʻoluʻolu a me ka hōʻoluʻolu i ko mākou ola.
E hoʻomaka kākou i kēia huakaʻi kupua o ka ʻimi ʻana i ka barium, e wehe i kona pale pohihihi, a mahalo i kona ʻano nani. Ma ka ʻatikala aʻe, e hoʻolauna piha mākou i nā waiwai a me nā hoʻohana ʻana o ka barium, a me kāna kuleana nui i ka noiʻi ʻepekema, ʻoihana, a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Manaʻo wau ma ka heluhelu ʻana i kēia ʻatikala, e loaʻa iā ʻoe ka ʻike hohonu a me ka ʻike o ka barium.
1. Nā kahua noi o ka barium
ʻO Barium kahi mea kemika maʻamau. He metala keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo e noho nei ma ke ʻano o nā minerala like ʻole ma ke ʻano. Eia kekahi mau hoʻohana o ka barium i kēlā me kēia lā
ʻO ke ahi a me ka luminescence: ʻO ka Barium kahi metala ʻoi loa e hoʻopuka i kahi lapalapa ʻālohilohi ke hoʻopili ʻia me ka amonia a i ʻole ka oxygen. Hoʻohana nui kēia i ka barium i nā ʻoihana e like me ka hana ahi ahi, flares, a me ka hana phosphor.
ʻOihana Lapaʻau: Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā pūhui Barium i ka ʻoihana lapaʻau. Hoʻohana ʻia nā meaʻai barium (e like me nā papa barium) i nā hoʻokolohua X-ray o ka ʻōpū e kōkua i nā kauka e nānā i ka hana o ka ʻōnaehana digestive. Hoʻohana pū ʻia nā pūhui Barium i kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau radioactive, e like me ka iodine radioactive no ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi thyroid.
Glass and Ceramics: Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā pūhui Barium i ke aniani a me ka hana seramika ma muli o ko lākou helu hoʻoheheʻe maikaʻi a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion. Hiki i nā pūhui Barium ke hoʻonui i ka paʻakikī a me ka ikaika o nā seramika a hiki ke hāʻawi i kekahi mau waiwai kūikawā o nā seramika, e like me ka insulation uila a me ka index refractive kiʻekiʻe.
Metala Alloys: Hiki i ka Barium ke hana i nā ʻāpana me nā mea metala ʻē aʻe, a he mau mea kūʻokoʻa kēia mau ʻāpana. Eia kekahi laʻana, hiki i nā'āpana barium ke hoʻonui i ka helu heheʻe o nā aluminika a me ka magnesium, e maʻalahi ai ka hana a me ka hoʻolei. Eia kekahi, hoʻohana pū ʻia nā alloys barium me nā waiwai magnetic e hana i nā pā pākaukau a me nā mea magnetic.
ʻO ka Barium kahi mea kemika me ka hōʻailona kemika Ba a me ka helu ʻātoma 56. ʻO ka Barium kahi metala honua alkaline i loko o ka pūʻulu 6 o ka papa periodic, nā mea hui nui.
2. Nā waiwai kino o ka barium
Barium (Ba)he mea metala lepo alkaline. 1. Ka 'ano: 'O ka Barium he metala palupalu, ke'oke'o ke'oke'o me ke 'ano okoa ke 'oki 'ia.
2. Density: He kiʻekiʻe ko Barium ma kahi o 3.5 g / cm³. ʻO ia kekahi o nā metala ʻoi loa ma ka honua.
3. Heʻe a me ka paila: ʻO ka helu heheʻe o ka barium ma kahi o 727 ° C a ʻo ka helu hoʻolapalapa ma kahi o 1897 ° C.
4. Paʻakikī: ʻO ka Barium kahi metala palupalu me ka paʻakikī Mohs ma kahi o 1.25 ma 20 degere Celsius.
5. Conductivity: ʻO Barium kahi mea hoʻokele uila maikaʻi me kahi conductivity uila kiʻekiʻe.
6. Ductility: ʻOiai he metala palupalu ka barium, loaʻa iā ia kahi degere o ka ductility a hiki ke hana ʻia i nā ʻāpana lahilahi a i ʻole nā uea.
7. Ka hana kemika: ʻAʻole hoʻoikaika ikaika ka Barium me ka hapa nui o nā metala ʻole a me nā metala he nui i ka lumi wela, akā hana ia i nā oxides ma nā wela kiʻekiʻe a me ka ea. Hiki iā ia ke hana i nā pūhui me nā mea nonmetallic he nui, e like me nā oxides, sulfides, etc.
8. Nā ʻano o ka noho ʻana: ʻO nā minerala i loaʻa ka barium i loko o ka ʻōpala o ka honua, e like me ka barite (barium sulfate), a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
9. Radioactivity: Loaʻa i ka Barium nā ʻano isotopes radioactive, a ma waena o ka barium-133 kahi isotope radioactive maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā noi lāʻau nuklea.
10. Noi: Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā pūhui Barium i ka ʻoihana, e like me ke aniani, ka pahu, nā catalysts ʻoihana kemika, nā paipu electron, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. e hoʻohana nui ʻia ma nā ʻano he nui.
3. Nā waiwai kemika o ka barium
Nā waiwai metala: ʻO ka Barium kahi paʻa metala me ke ʻano keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a me ka conductivity uila maikaʻi.
ʻO ka mānoanoa a me ka helu hoʻoheheʻe: ʻO ka Barium kahi mea paʻakikī me ka nui o 3.51 g/cm3. He wahi hehee haahaa ka Barium ma kahi o 727 degere Celsius (1341 degere Fahrenheit).
Hoihoi: Hoʻopili wikiwiki ka Barium me ka hapa nui o nā mea metala ʻole, ʻoi aku me nā halogens (e like me ka chlorine a me ka bromine), e hana ana i nā pūhui barium e pili ana. No ka laʻana, hana ka barium me ka chlorine e hana i ka barium chloride.
Oxidizability: Hiki ke oxidized ka Barium e hana i ka barium oxide. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka Barium oxide i nā ʻoihana e like me ka hoʻoheheʻe metala a me ka hana aniani. ʻO ka hana kiʻekiʻe: He hana kemika kiʻekiʻe ka Barium a hiki ke hana maʻalahi me ka wai e hoʻokuʻu i ka hydrogen a hana i ka barium hydroxide.
4. Nā waiwai olaola o ka barium
ʻO ke kuleana a me nā waiwai olaola obariumʻAʻole maopopo loa i loko o nā mea ola, akā ua ʻike ʻia he mau mea ʻawaʻawa ka barium i nā meaola.
Ke ala komo: ʻai nui nā kānaka i ka barium ma o ka meaʻai a me ka wai inu. Loaʻa paha i kekahi mau meaʻai ka nui o ka barium, e like me ka palaoa, ka ʻiʻo, a me nā huahana waiu. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka barium i ka wai lepo i kekahi manawa.
ʻO ka lawe ʻana o ke kino a me ka metabolism: Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka Barium e nā mea ola a hoʻohele ʻia i loko o ke kino ma o ke kahe koko. Hoʻonui nui ka Barium i loko o nā puʻupaʻa a me nā iwi, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o nā iwi.
Hana olaola: ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia ka Barium i nā hana physiological koʻikoʻi i loko o nā meaola. No laila, hoʻopaʻapaʻa mau ka hana olaola o ka barium.
5. Nā waiwai olaola o ka barium
ʻAiʻona: He mea ʻona i ke kino o ke kanaka ke kiʻekiʻe o nā ion barium a i ʻole nā pūhui barium. Hiki i ka lawe nui ʻana i ka barium ke hoʻoulu i nā hōʻailona ʻawaʻawa, e like me ka luaʻi, ka maʻi maʻi, nāwaliwali o ka ʻiʻo, arrhythmia, a pēlā aku.
Hoʻoulu iwi: Hiki i ka Barium ke hōʻiliʻili i nā iwi i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka poʻe ʻelemakule. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana i ka manawa lōʻihi i ka nui o ka barium hiki ke hoʻoulu i nā maʻi iwi e like me ka osteoporosis.
Nā hopena maʻi maʻi: ʻO Barium, e like me ka sodium, hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ke kaulike o ka ion a me ka hana uila, e pili ana i ka hana o ka naʻau. Hiki i ka lawe nui ʻana i ka barium ke hoʻoulu i ka puʻuwai puʻuwai ʻino a hoʻonui i ka pilikia o ka puʻuwai puʻuwai.
Carcinogenicity: ʻOiai aia nō ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa e pili ana i ka carcinogenicity o ka barium, ua hōʻike kekahi mau haʻawina e hiki ke hoʻonui i ka hopena o kekahi mau maʻi maʻi e like me ka maʻi maʻi ʻōpū a me ka maʻi esophageal i ka wā lōʻihi. Ma muli o ka ʻona a me ka pōʻino o ka barium, pono e makaʻala ka poʻe e pale i ka lawe nui ʻana a i ʻole ka lōʻihi o ka ʻike ʻana i nā kiʻekiʻe o ka barium. Pono ke nānā ʻia a mālama ʻia ka nui o ka Barium i ka wai inu a me ka meaʻai e pale i ke olakino kanaka. Inā manaʻo ʻoe he ʻona a loaʻa paha nā hōʻailona pili, e ʻoluʻolu e ʻimi koke i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
6. Barium ma ke Natura
Barium Minerals: Hiki ke noho ka Barium i ka ʻōpala o ka honua ma ke ʻano o nā minerala. ʻO kekahi mau minerala barium maʻamau ka barite a me ka witherite. Loaʻa pinepine kēia mau ores me nā minela ʻē aʻe, e like me ke kēpau, zinc, a me ke kālā.
Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka wai lepo a me nā Pōhaku: Hiki ke noho ʻo Barium i loko o ka wai lepo a me nā pōhaku i kahi moku i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia. Loaʻa i ka wai lepo ka nui o ka barium i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, a ua hilinaʻi ʻia kona neʻe ʻana i nā kūlana geological a me nā waiwai kemika o ke kino wai. Nā paʻakai Barium: Hiki i ka Barium ke hana i nā paʻakai like ʻole, e like me ka barium chloride, barium nitrate a me ka barium carbonate. Hiki i kēia mau pūhui ke noho ma ke ʻano he mau minerala maoli.
Maʻiʻo ma ka lepo:Bariumhiki ke noho i loko o ka lepo ma nā ʻano like ʻole, ʻo kekahi o ia mau mea mai ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o nā ʻāpana mineral maoli a i ʻole nā pōhaku. He haʻahaʻa ka maʻiʻo o ka barium i loko o ka lepo, akā aia paha nā kiʻekiʻe o ka barium ma kekahi mau wahi kikoʻī.
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia he ʻokoʻa paha ke ʻano a me ka ʻike o ka barium ma nā kaiapuni a me nā ʻāina like ʻole, no laila pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia nā kūlana kikoʻī a me nā kūlana ʻāina i ke kūkākūkā ʻana i ka barium.
7. ʻO ka mining Barium a me ka hanaʻana
ʻO ke kaʻina hana eli a me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka barium e loaʻa pinepine i nā pae aʻe:
1. ʻO ka mining o ka barium ore: ʻO ka mineral nui o ka barium ore he barite, i kapa ʻia ʻo barium sulfate. Loaʻa maʻamau i loko o ka ʻōpala o ka honua a ua laha nui ʻia i loko o nā pōhaku a me nā waihona mineral ma ka honua. Hoʻokomo pinepine ka mining i nā kaʻina hana e like me ka puhi ʻana, ka ʻeli ʻana, ka ʻoki ʻana a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻana o ka ʻaila no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ores i loaʻa ka barium sulfate.
2. Ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka concentrate: ʻO ka unuhi ʻana i ka barium mai ka ʻaila barium e pono ai ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻaila. ʻO ka hoʻomākaukau noʻonoʻo e komo pū me ka koho lima a me nā ʻanuʻu flotation no ka wehe ʻana i nā haumia a loaʻa ka ʻeleʻele i loaʻa ma mua o 96% barium sulfate.
3. Ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka barium sulfate: Hoʻopili ʻia ka concentrate i nā ʻanuʻu e like me ka hao a me ka wehe ʻana o ke silika e loaʻa ai ka barium sulfate (BaSO4).
4. Ka hoʻomākaukauʻana i ka barium sulfide: No ka hoʻomākaukauʻana i ka barium mai ka barium sulfate, pono e hoʻololi i ka barium sulfate i barium sulfide, iʻikeʻia hoʻi he lehuʻeleʻele. ʻO ka pauka Barium sulfate ore me ka nui o ka liʻiliʻi ma lalo o 20 mesh e hui pū ʻia me ka lanahu a i ʻole ka pauka coke petroleum ma ka ratio paona o 4:1. Hoʻomoʻa ʻia ka hui ʻana ma 1100 ℃ i loko o kahi umu reverberatory, a hoʻemi ʻia ka barium sulfate i ka barium sulfide.
5. Hoʻopau i ka barium sulfide: Hiki ke loaʻa ka hopena barium sulfide o ka barium sulfate ma ka wai wela.
6. Ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka barium oxide: I mea e hoʻololi ai i ka barium sulfide i ka barium oxide, hoʻohui pinepine ʻia ka sodium carbonate a i ʻole carbon dioxide i ka solution barium sulfide. Ma hope o ka hui ʻana i ka barium carbonate a me ka pauka kalapona, hiki i ka calcination ma luna o 800 ℃ ke hana i ka barium oxide.
7. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa a me ka hana ʻana: Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka barium oxide e hana i ka barium peroxide ma 500-700 ℃, a hiki ke decomposed ka barium peroxide e hana i ka barium oxide ma 700-800 ℃. I mea e pale aku ai i ka hana ʻana o ka barium peroxide, pono e hoʻomaloʻo a hoʻopau ʻia ka huahana calcined ma lalo o ka pale o ke kinoea inert.
ʻO ka mea i luna nei ke kaʻina hana eli a me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka mea barium. Hiki ke ʻokoʻa kēia mau kaʻina hana ma muli o ke kaʻina hana ʻoihana a me nā mea hana, akā mau nā loina holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka Barium kahi metala ʻoihana koʻikoʻi i hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻano hana like ʻole, me ka ʻoihana kemika, lāʻau lapaʻau, uila a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.
8. Nā ʻano ʻike maʻamau no ka mea barium
Bariumhe mea maʻamau i hoʻohana mau ʻia i nā ʻano hana ʻenehana a me ka ʻepekema. I loko o ke kemika analytical, ʻo nā ʻano hana no ka ʻike ʻana i ka barium maʻamau ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka qualitative a me ka quantitative analysis. Eia ka wehewehe kikoʻī i nā ʻano hana ʻike maʻamau no ka element barium:
1. Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS): He mea maʻamau kēia i hoʻohana ʻia i ke ʻano loiloi quantitative kūpono no nā laʻana me nā ʻoi aku ka nui. Hoʻopili ʻia ka hāpana hāpana i loko o ka lapalapa, a ʻo nā ʻātoma barium e hoʻomoʻi i ka mālamalama o kahi lōʻihi nalu. Ana 'ia ka ikaika o ka malamalama i ho'opa'a 'ia a ua like 'o ia me ka nui o ka barium.
2. Flame Atomic Emission Spectrometry (FAES): ʻIke kēia ʻano hana i ka barium ma ke kāpī ʻana i ka hāpana hāpana i loko o ka lapalapa, e hoʻohauʻoli i nā mana barium e hoʻopuka i ka mālamalama o kahi lōʻihi nalu. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me FAAS, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka FAES e ʻike i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka barium.
3. Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry (AAS): Ua like kēia ʻano me ka FAAS, akā hoʻohana i ka spectrometer fluorescence e ʻike i ke ʻano o ka barium. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e ana i ka nui o ka barium.
4. Ion Chromatography: He kūpono kēia ʻano no ka nānā ʻana i ka barium ma nā ʻano wai. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ion Barium a ʻike ʻia e ka ion chromatography. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e ana i ka neʻe ʻana o ka barium i loko o nā ʻano wai.
5. X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (XRF): He hana analytical non-destructive kēia kūpono no ka ʻike ʻana i ka barium i nā laʻana paʻa. Ma hope o ka ʻoliʻoli ʻana o ka hāpana e nā kukui X, hoʻopuka nā ʻātoma barium i ka fluorescence kikoʻī, a hoʻoholo ʻia ka ʻike barium ma ke ana ʻana i ka ikaika o ka fluorescence.
6. Mass Spectrometry: Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka nui o ka spectrometry no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka haku mele isotopic o ka barium a me ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka ʻike o ka barium. Hoʻohana mau ʻia kēia ʻano no ka nānā ʻana i ka naʻau kiʻekiʻe a hiki ke ʻike i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka barium. Ma luna aʻe kekahi mau ʻano hana maʻamau no ka ʻike ʻana i ka barium. ʻO ke ʻano kikoʻī e koho ai ma muli o ke ʻano o ka hāpana, ka pae hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka barium, a me ke kumu o ka nānā ʻana. Inā makemake ʻoe i ʻike hou a i ʻole he nīnau ʻē aʻe, e ʻoluʻolu e haʻi mai iaʻu. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia mau ʻano i loko o ka hale hana a me nā noi ʻoihana e ana pololei a hilinaʻi a ʻike i ke alo a me ka neʻe ʻana o ka barium. ʻO ke ʻano kikoʻī e hoʻohana ai ma muli o ke ʻano o ka laʻana e pono ke ana ʻia, ka laulā o ka maʻiʻo barium, a me ke kumu kikoʻī o ka nānā ʻana.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Dec-09-2024