ʻO ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i nā metala honua laha

I kēia manawa,honua lahaHoʻohana nui ʻia nā mea i ʻelua mau wahi nui: kuʻuna a me ka ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe. Ma nā noi kuʻuna, ma muli o ka hana kiʻekiʻe o nā metala honua laha, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā metala ʻē aʻe a hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka ʻoihana metallurgical. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā oxides honua ʻokoʻa i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ke kila hiki ke hoʻopau i nā haumia e like me arsenic, antimony, bismuth, etc. no ka hana ana i na paipu aila a me ke kinoea.

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana catalytic a hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he catalytic cracking agents no ka petroleum cracking i ka ʻoihana ʻaila e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hua o ka aila māmā. Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻāina laha ʻole ma ke ʻano he catalytic hoʻomaʻemaʻe no ka pau ʻana o nā kaʻa, nā mea maloʻo pena, nā mea hoʻopaʻa wela plastik, a i ka hana ʻana i nā huahana kemika e like me ka synthetic rubber, artificial wool, a me nylon. Ke hoʻohana nei i ka hana kemika a me ka hana kala ionic o nā mea o ka honua laha ʻole, hoʻohana ʻia lākou i nā ʻoihana aniani a me ka seramika no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa aniani, polishing, dyeing, decolorization, a me nā pigment seramika. No ka manawa mua ma Kina, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻāina laha ʻole i ka mahiʻai ma ke ʻano he trace elements i nā mea hoʻohuihui he nui, e hāpai ana i ka hana mahiʻai. Ma nā noi kuʻuna, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mea ʻenehana cerium hui like ʻole, e helu ana ma kahi o 90% o ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea ʻano honua.

Ma nā noiʻi ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe, ma muli o ke ʻano uila kūikawā onā ʻāina laha ʻole,ʻO kā lākou mau hoʻololi uila pae ikehu like ʻole e hana i nā spectra kūikawā. ʻO nā oxides oyttrium, terbium, a me europiumHoʻohana nui ʻia e like me nā phosphors ʻulaʻula i nā kīwī kala, nā ʻōnaehana hōʻike like ʻole, a i ka hana ʻana i ʻekolu mau pauka kukui fluorescent kala mua. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā waiwai magnetic kūikawā i ka honua e hana i nā mea hoʻokalakupua super mau loa, e like me ka samarium cobalt permanent magnets a me ka neodymium iron boron permanent magnets, loaʻa nā manaʻo noiʻi ākea i nā ʻano ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe e like me nā kaʻa uila, nā mea hana kiʻi nuklea magnetic resonance, maglev. nā kaʻaahi, a me nā optoelectronics ʻē aʻe. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ke aniani Lanthanum ma ke ʻano he mea no nā lens like ʻole, nā lens, a me nā fiber optical. Hoʻohana ʻia ke aniani Cerium ma ke ʻano he mea pale radiation. ʻO ke aniani ʻo Neodymium a me ka yttrium alumini garnet nā aniani hoʻohui honua koʻikoʻi nā mea auroral nui.

I loko o ka ʻoihana uila, nā seramika like ʻole me ka hoʻohui ʻana oneodymium oxide, lanthanum oxide, a me yttrium oxide hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā mea capacitor like ʻole. Hoʻohana ʻia nā metala laha ʻole no ka hana ʻana i nā pākaukau nickel hydrogen rechargeable. I ka ʻoihana ikehu atomic, hoʻohana ʻia ka yttrium oxide e hana i nā koʻokoʻo mana no nā reactors nuklea. Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻāpana wela wela māmā i hana ʻia me ka cerium group rare earth elements, aluminika a me ka magnesium i ka ʻoihana aerospace e hana i nā ʻāpana no ka mokulele, spacecraft, missiles, rockets, etc. Aia ka ʻaoʻao i ka pae noiʻi a hoʻomohala.

Nā kūlana kūlana nometala lepo laha oleAia nā kumu waiwai ʻelua mau ʻano: nā koi ʻoihana maʻamau no nā waihona ʻāina laha ʻole a me nā kūlana maikaʻi no nā mea hoʻopaʻa honua. ʻO ka ʻike o F, CaO, TiO2, a me TFe i loko o ka fluorocarbon cerium ore concentrate e nānā ʻia e ka mea hoʻolako, akā ʻaʻole e hoʻohana ʻia i kumu no ka loiloi; ʻO ke kūlana maikaʻi no ka hui ʻana o ka bastnaesite a me ka monazite e pili ana i ka concentrate i loaʻa ma hope o ka pōmaikaʻi. ʻO ka maʻiʻo P a me CaO haumia o ka huahana papa mua e hāʻawi wale i ka ʻikepili a ʻaʻole i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano loiloi; ʻO ka concentrate Monazite e pili ana i ka concentrate o ke one one ma hope o ka pōmaikaʻi; ʻO ka phosphorus yttrium ore concentrate e pili pū ana i ka concentrate i loaʻa mai ka waiwai o ke one.

ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka pale ʻana i nā ores kumu mua loa e pili ana i ka ʻenehana hoʻihoʻi o nā ores. Flotation, gravity separation, magnetic separation, and combined process beneficiation ua hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā minelala o ka honua. ʻO nā mea nui e pili ana i ka hana hou ʻana, ʻo ia nā ʻano a me nā ʻano hanana o nā mea ʻenela honua, ke ʻano, ke ʻano, a me nā hiʻohiʻona o nā minerala honua laha, a me nā ʻano a me nā ʻano o nā minerala gangue. Pono e koho ʻia nā ʻenehana pōmaikaʻi like ʻole ma muli o nā kūlana kikoʻī.

Hoʻohana maʻamau ka loaʻa ʻana o ke ʻano o ka flotation, i hoʻohui pinepine ʻia e ka gravity a me ka hoʻokaʻawale magnetic, i hui pū ʻia o ka gravity flotation, flotation magnetic separation gravity process. Hoʻopili nui ʻia nā mea hoʻonoho honua laʻa e ka umekaumaha, hoʻohui ʻia e ka hoʻokaʻawale magnetic, flotation, a me ka hoʻokaʻawale uila. ʻO ka Baiyunebo rare earth iron ore deposit ma Inner Mongolia ka nui o ka monazite a me ka fluorocarbon cerium ore. Hiki ke kiʻi ʻia kahi ʻāpana honua laʻa i loaʻa iā 60% REO me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaʻina hana o ka flotation hui ʻia e holoi ana i ka gravity separation flotation. ʻO ka Yaniuping rare earth deposit ma Mianning, Sichuan ka mea e hoʻopuka nui ai i ka fluorocarbon cerium ore, a loaʻa pū kekahi ʻano honua laha ʻole i loaʻa iā 60% REO me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaʻina hana hoʻokaʻawale gravity. ʻO ke koho ʻana i nā mea hana flotation ke kī i ka kūleʻa o ke ʻano flotation no ka hoʻoili mineral. ʻO nā minerala honua laha ʻole i hana ʻia e ka Nanshan Haibin placer mine ma Guangdong ka nui o ka monazite a me ka yttrium phosphate. ʻO ka slurry i loaʻa mai ka holoi ʻana o ka wai i hōʻike ʻia e pili ana i ka pōmaikaʻi spiral, a ukali ʻia e ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka ʻumekaumaha, i hoʻohui ʻia e ka hoʻokaʻawale magnetic a me ka flotation, e loaʻa ai kahi ʻano monazite i loaʻa 60.62% REO a me kahi concentrate phosphorite i loaʻa iā Y2O5 25.35%.