Neodymium, ʻeleʻele 60 o ka pākaukau manawa.
Hoʻopili ʻia ʻo Neodymium me praseodymium, ʻo lāua ʻelua he Lanthanide me nā waiwai like loa. I ka makahiki 1885, ma hope o ka ʻike ʻana o ke kāmeka Suedena ʻo Mosander i ka hui ʻana olanthanuma me praseodymium a me neodymium, ua hoʻokaʻawale maikaʻi ʻo Austrians Welsbach i ʻelua ʻano o ka "honua laha ʻole": neodymium oxide a mepraseodymium oxide, a kaawale loaneodymiumapraseodymiummai ia lakou mai.
ʻO ka Neodymium, he metala keʻokeʻo kālā me nā waiwai kemika ikaika, hiki ke hoʻokahe koke i ka ea; E like me ka praseodymium, hana mālie ia i ka wai anuanu a hoʻokuʻu koke i ke kinoea hydrogen i ka wai wela. He haʻahaʻa ko Neodymium i loko o ka ʻāʻī o ka Honua a aia ka nui ma ka monazite a me ka bastnaesite, me ka lua o ka nui o ka cerium.
Ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo Neodymium ma ke ʻano he kala i ke aniani i ke kenekulia 19. I ka manawaneodymium oxideua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ke aniani, e hoʻohua mai nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole mai ka ʻulaʻula mahana a i ka uliuli ma muli o ke kumu kukui ambient. Mai hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke aniani kūikawā o nā ion neodymium i kapa ʻia ʻo “aniani neodymium”. ʻO ia ka "naʻau" o nā lasers, a ʻo kona ʻano maikaʻi e hoʻoholo pololei i ka hiki a me ka maikaʻi o ka ikehu puka ʻana o ka mīkini laser. ʻIke ʻia ʻo ia i kēia manawa ʻo ka mīkini hana laser ma ka Honua e hiki ke hoʻopuka i ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā ion neodymium i loko o ke aniani neodymium ke kī i ka holo ʻana i luna a i lalo i ka "skyscraper" o nā pae ikehu a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka laser ikehu kiʻekiʻe loa i ka wā o ke kaʻina hoʻololi nui, hiki ke hoʻonui i ka negligible nanojoule pae 10-9 laser ikehu i ka pae o ka "lā liʻiliʻi". Ua hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia ka ʻenehana hoʻoheheʻe mau o ke aniani neodymium i ka pae hou a ua helu ʻia ʻo ia nā mea kupanaha ʻehiku kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻāina. I ka makahiki 1964, ua hoʻomaka ka Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics o ka Chinese Academy of Sciences i ka noiʻi ʻana i nā ʻenehana koʻikoʻi ʻehā o ka hoʻoheheʻe mau ʻana, ka hoʻopili pololei ʻana, ka edging a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke aniani neodymium. Ma hope o nā makahiki he nui o ka ʻimi ʻana, ua hana ʻia kahi holomua nui i nā makahiki he ʻumi i hala. ʻO ka hui o Hu Lili ka mea mua loa ma ka honua nei i ʻike i ka ʻenehana laser ultra intense a me ultra pōkole me ka puka laser 10 watt. ʻO kāna kumu, ʻo ia ka haku i ka ʻenehana kī o ka nui-nui a me ka hana kiʻekiʻe laser Nd aniani batch manufacturing. No laila, ua lilo ka Chinese Academy of Science Shanghai Institute of Optics and Precision Machinery i ke kula mua ma ka honua e haku kūʻokoʻa i ka ʻenehana hana hana piha o nā ʻāpana aniani Nd laser.
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka Neodymium e ʻike i ka mea ikaika loa - neodymium iron boron alloy. ʻO ka neodymium iron boron alloy he uku koʻikoʻi i hāʻawi ʻia e Iapana i ka makahiki 1980 e wāwahi i ka monopoly o General Motors ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Ua haku ʻo Masato Zuokawa kanaka ʻepekema hou i kahi ʻano magnet mau loa, ʻo ia ka mea hao hao i haku ʻia me ʻekolu mau mea: neodymium, hao, a me ka boron. Ua hana pū nā ʻepekema Kina i kahi ʻano sintering hou, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka sintering induction heating ma kahi o ka sintering kuʻuna a me ka mālama wela, e hoʻokō ai i kahi kiʻekiʻe sintering ma luna o 95% o ka waiwai theoretical o ka magnet, hiki ke pale i ka ulu ʻana o ka palaoa nui o ka magnet, pōkole. ka pōʻaiapuni hana, a me ka hoʻemi ʻana i nā kumukūʻai hana.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-01-2023