Barium Metal (1)

1、 Hoʻolauna kumu

inoa Pākē:Barium, inoa Pelekane:Barium, hōʻailona elementBa, helu atomic 56 i ka papaʻaina, he hui IIA alkaline earth metal element me ka mānoanoa o 3.51 g/cubic centimeter, kahi hehee o 727 ° C (1000 K, 1341 ° F), a me kahi paila o 1870 ° C (2143 K, 3398 ° F). ʻO ka Barium kahi metala honua alkaline me ka ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo kālā, me ka waihoʻoluʻu o ka lapalapa o ka melemele ʻōmaʻomaʻo, palupalu, a ductile.Bariumloaʻa nā waiwai kemika ʻeleu a hiki ke hana me ka hapa nui o nā metala ʻole.Bariumʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokahi ma ke ʻano.Bariumʻona nā paʻakai koe wale nōbariumsulfate. Kahi mea hou aʻe,barium metalahiki ke ho'ēmi i ka hapa nui o nā metala oxides, halides, a me sulfides no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā metala pili. ʻO ka maʻiʻo obariumʻO ka 0.05% i loko o ka ʻōpala, a ʻo nā mineral maʻamau i ke ʻano he barite (bariumsulfate) a me ka witherite (bariumcarbonate). Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo Barium i nā ʻoihana e like me ka uila, ka seramika, ka lāʻau lapaʻau, a me ka ʻaila.

2、 Ka ʻike ʻana oBariuma me ke kūlana hoʻomohala o KinaBariumʻOihana

1. He moʻolelo pōkole o ka loaʻa ʻana obarium

Hōʻike nā sulfides metala lepo alkaline i ka phosphorescence, ʻo ia hoʻi ke hoʻomau nei lākou e hoʻopuka i ka mālamalama i ka pōʻeleʻele no kekahi manawa ma hope o ka ʻike ʻana i ka mālamalama. Ma muli o kēia ʻano ʻanobariumua hoʻomaka ka nānā ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui.

I ka makahiki 1602, ua ʻike ʻo V. Casiorolus, he mea hana kāmaʻa ma Bologna, Italia, he barite i loaʻa.bariumʻO ka sulfate i hoʻokuʻu i ka mālamalama i ka pōʻeleʻele ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana me nā mea puhi. Ua hoʻāla kēia ʻano i ka hoihoi o nā mea kemika ʻEulopa. I ka makahiki 1774, ua ʻike ʻo CW Scheele, ke kāmeka Suedena i kahi mea hou i loko o ka barite, akā ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻokaʻawale iā ia, ʻo ka oxide wale nō o ia mea. I ka makahiki 1776, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻo Johan Gottlieb Gahn i kēia oxide ma kahi haʻawina like. Ua kapa mua ʻia ʻo Baryta e Guyton de Morveau ma ke ʻano he barote, a ma hope i kapa ʻia ʻo Baryta (honua kaumaha) e Antoine Lavoisier. I ka makahiki 1808, ua hoʻohana ʻo Humphry Davy i ka mercury ma ke ʻano he cathode, ka platinum ma ke anode, a me ka barite electrolyzed (BaSO4) e hana ai.bariumamalgam. Ma hope o ka distillation e wehe i ka mercury, ua loaʻa kahi metala me ka maʻemaʻe haʻahaʻa a kapa ʻiabarium.

Loaʻa i nā noi ʻenehana kahi mōʻaukala ma mua o hoʻokahi haneli mau makahiki

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 19, hoʻomaka ka poʻe e hoʻohana i ka barite (he mineral koʻikoʻi no ka hana ʻanabariumabariumpūhui) i mea hoʻopiha no nā pena. Mai kēia kenekulia, ua lilo ka barite i mea waiwai nui no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻolebariumloaʻa nā huahana kemika. Ma muli o kona ʻāpana nui, nā waiwai kemika paʻa, a hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai a me nā waikawa, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka barite ma ke ʻano he mea kaupaona no ka ʻaila a me ka lepo wili kinoea ma mua o nā makahiki 1920.BariumHoʻohana ʻia ka sulfate i ka hana ʻana i nā puaʻa keʻokeʻo a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka hoʻopiha a me ka waihoʻoluʻu no ka lāʻau.

2. Ke kulana o Kinabariumʻoihana

maʻamaubariumnā paʻakaibariumsulfate,bariumnitrate, barium chloride,bariumcarbonate,bariumcyanide, etc.BariumHoʻohana nui ʻia nā huahana paʻakai i ka ʻoihana uila e like me nā mea hoʻohui no nā paipu kiʻi kala a me nā mea magnetic.

I kēia manawa, ua lilo ʻo Kina i mea hana nui loa ma ka honuabariumnā paʻakai. ʻO ke ao holoʻokoʻa ka mana hana makahiki obariumʻO ka carbonate ma kahi o 900000 tons, me ka hoʻopuka ʻana ma kahi o 700000 tons, ʻoiai ʻo ka mana hana makahiki o Kina e pili ana i 700000 tons, me ka puka makahiki o kahi 500000 tons, ʻoi aku ka nui o 70% o ka honua.bariumka mana hana carbonate a me ka puka. ʻO KinabariumUa lawe ʻia nā huahana carbonate i nā mea nui no ka manawa lōʻihi, a ua lilo ʻo Kina i mea kūʻai nui loa ma ka honua.bariumkalapona.

Nā pilikia i kū i ka hoʻomohala ʻana oBariumʻOihana paʻakai ma Kina

ʻOiai ʻo Kina ka mea hana nui a me ka mea hoʻopukabariumcarbonate, ʻaʻole ia he mea hana ikaika i ka barium carbonate. ʻO ka mea mua, he liʻiliʻi ka nuibariumnā ʻoihana hana carbonate ma Kina, a he liʻiliʻi loa nā ʻoihana i hoʻokō i ka hana nui; ʻO ka lua, ʻo KinabariumʻO nā huahana carbonate he hale hoʻokahi a nele i nā huahana kiʻekiʻe. ʻOiai ke noiʻi nei kekahi mau hale hana a hana i ka maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻebariumcarbonate, ʻilihune kona kūpaʻa. No nā huahana hoʻomaʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe, pono e lawe mai ʻo Kina mai nā hui e like me Kelemānia, Italia, a me Iapana. Eia kekahi, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua lilo kekahi mau ʻāina i mea kūʻai hou akubariumcarbonate, e like me Rūsia, Palakila, South Korea, a me Mekiko, e alakaʻi ana i ka hoʻolako nui ʻana i ka honuabariummākeke carbonate, i loaʻa ka hopena nui ma Kinabariumʻoihana kalapona. Makemake nā mea hana e ho'ēmi i nā kumukūʻai i mea e ola ai. I ka manawa like, ke kū nei nā ʻoihana hoʻopuka Kina i nā hoʻokolokolo anti-dumping mai waho. Me ka hoʻomaikaʻi mau ʻana o nā koi palekana kaiapuni, kekahibariumKe kū nei nā ʻoihana hana paʻakai ma Kina i nā pilikia palekana kaiapuni. I mea e paipai ai i ka ulu ana o Kinabariumʻoihana paʻakai,bariumPono nā ʻoihana hana paʻakai ma Kina e mālama i ka palekana a me ka palekana e like me ke kumu, e hoʻomau i ka noiʻi ʻana a hoʻolauna i nā ʻenehana holomua, a hoʻomohala i nā huahana hou e kū ana i nā koi o ka manawa a loaʻa nā ʻike loea kiʻekiʻe.

Hana a me Export Data o Barite ma Kina

Wahi a ka ʻikepili mai ka United States Geological Survey, ʻo ka hana ʻana o ka barite ma Kina ma kahi o 41 miliona mau tona i ka makahiki 2014. Wahi a nā helu kuʻuna Kina, mai Ianuali a Dekemaba 2014, ua lawe ʻo Kina i 92588597 kilokani obariumsulfate, he piʻi o 0.18% i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka manawa like i ka makahiki i hala. ʻO ka kumulative export value he 65496598 US dollars, he piʻi o 20.99% i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka manawa like i ka makahiki i hala. ʻO ke kumu kūʻai o nā mea hoʻokuʻu aku he 0.71 US kālā no ka kilokani, he piʻi o 0.12 US kālā no ka kilo i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka manawa like i ka makahiki i hala. Ma waena o lākou, i Dekemaba 2014, ua lawe aku ʻo Kina i 8768648 kilokani obariumsulfate, he piʻi o 8.19% i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka manawa like i ka makahiki i hala. ʻO ka nui o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana he 8385141 US kālā, he piʻi o 5.1% i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka manawa like i ka makahiki i hala.

Wahi a ka ʻikepili kuʻuna Kina, i ka mahina ʻo Iune 2015, ua lawe aku ʻo Kina i 170000 tons obariumsulfate, he emi o 1.7% i ka manawa like i ka makahiki i hala; I ka hapa mua o ka makahiki, he 1.12 miliona tons ka huina hoonui o ka hookui, he emi o 6.8% i ka like me ka makahiki i hala; ʻO ka nui o ka hoʻokuʻu aku i hoʻemi ʻia e 5.4% a me 9% i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka manawa like i ka makahiki i hala.

3、 Ka hoʻolaha a me ka hana ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai Barium (Barite).

1. Ka mahele ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai barium

ʻO ka maʻiʻo obariumi loko o ka ʻōpala he 0.05%, kūlana 14th. ʻO nā minerala nui ma ke ʻano he barite (bariumsulfate BaSO4) a me ka witherite (bariumcarbonate BaCO3). I waena o lākou, ʻo ka barite ka mineral maʻamau o ka barium, i haku ʻiabariumsulfate a loaʻa i nā veins hydrothermal haʻahaʻa, e like me quartz barite veins, fluorite barite veins, etc. ʻO Toxicite kekahi mea nui.bariumLoaʻa ka mineral ma ke ʻano, me ka barite, a ʻo kāna mea nuibariumkalapona.

Wahi a ka ʻikepili mai ka United States Geological Survey ma 2015, ʻo ka waiwai barite honua ma kahi o 2 biliona tons, kahi o 740 miliona tons i hōʻoia ʻia. ʻO 350 miliona mau tons ka pae honua barite. ʻO Kina ka ʻāina me ka nui o nā waiwai barite. ʻO nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe me ka waiwai barite waiwai ʻo Kazakhstan, Türkiye, India, Thailand, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Mexico. ʻO nā kumu kaulana o ka barite ma ka honua ʻo Westman Land ma UK, Felsbonne ma Romania, Saxony ma Kelemānia, Tianzhu ma Guizhou, Heifenggou ma Gansu, Gongxi ma Hunan, Liulin ma Hubei, Xiangzhou ma Guangxi, a me Shuiping ma Shaanxi.

Wahi a ka ʻikepili mai ka United States Geological Survey ma 2015, ʻo ka hana honua o ka barite he 9.23 miliona tons ma 2013 a ua hoʻonui ʻia i 9.26 miliona tons ma 2014. Ma 2014, ʻo Kina ka mea hana nui loa o ka barite, me ka hana ʻana o 4.1 miliona tons. , e helu ana ma kahi o 44.3% o ka huina o ka hana honua. ʻO India, Morocco, a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka lua, ke kolu, a me ka ʻehā, me ka hana ʻana o 1.6 miliona tons, 1 miliona tons, a me 720000 tons.

2. Puunaue oBariumNā kumuwaiwai ma Kina

Ua waiwai ʻo Kinabariumnā kumu waiwai, me ka huina o ka mālama ʻana ma mua o 1 biliona tons. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka pae o ka barium ore, a ʻo kāna mau mea mālama a me kāna hana ʻana i kēia manawa ke kūlana mua ma ka honua. ʻO ka mea maʻamaubariumhe barite ka minerala ma ke ano. ʻO ka pae honua o ka barite he 350 miliona tons, aʻo ka mālama ʻana o ka barite ma Kina he 100 miliona tons, e helu ana ma kahi o 29% o ka nui o ka mālama honua a me ka pae mua ma ka honua.

Wahi a ka ʻikepili i ka "Exploration of the Main Mineral Concentration Areas and Resource Potential of China's Barite Mines" (Chemical Mineral Geology, 2010), Kina he waiwai nui i nā waiwai barite, i māhele ʻia ma nā panalāʻau 24 (nā ʻāpana) a puni ka ʻāina, me ka mālama ʻana a me ka pae hana. mua ma ka honua. Aia he 195 mau wahi mining me nā mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma Kina, me ka nui o ka waihona waiwai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia o 390 miliona mau toni o ka ʻaila. Mai ka panalāʻau o ka barite, ʻo Guizhou Province ka nui o nā mines barite, ʻo ia ka 34% o ka nui o nā waihona; ʻO Hunan, Guangxi, Gansu, Shaanxi a me nā panalāʻau ʻē aʻe (nā ʻāpana) i ka lua. ʻO nā panalāʻau ʻelima ma luna nei he 80% o nā mālama ʻāina. ʻO ke ʻano o ka waiho ʻana he sedimentary ka nui, ʻo ia ka 60% o ka nui o nā mālama. Eia kekahi, aia kekahi mau ʻano papa i hoʻomalu ʻia (endogenetic), sedimentary lua pele, hydrothermal, a me nā ʻano ʻino (koe slope). ʻO ka manawa mineralization ka mea nui i ka wā Paleozoic, a ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā waihona barite i ka wā Sinian a me Mesozoic Cenozoic.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o nā kumuwaiwai Barite ma Kina

Mai kahi hiʻohiʻona nui, hoʻolaha nui ʻia nā mineral barite ma Kina ma ke kikowaena waena; Ma keʻano o ka papa, kokoke i nā minelala waiwai a pau i ka nui ma Guizhou a me Guangxi; Mai ka hiʻohiʻona o ka pālākiō waiho ʻana, ʻo nā waihona barite o Kina ka nui a me ka nui. ʻO nā wahi eli ʻelua wale nō o Guizhou Tianzhu Dahe Bian a me Hunan Xinhuang Gongxi ka helu ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hapalua o nā mea mālama i kēia mau wahi. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, ʻo kahi ʻano barite hoʻokahi ke ʻano ʻano nui, a ʻo ka hui ʻana o ka mineral a me ka lākiō hoʻohui kemika he maʻalahi a maʻemaʻe, e like me ka Hunan Xinhuang Gongxi barite mine. Eia kekahi, aia nā waihona nui o ka co a me nā minela pili i hiki ke hoʻohana piha ʻia.

4、 Kaʻina hana o ka barium

1. Ka hoomakaukau ana obarium

ʻO ka hana ʻana o ka barium metala i loko o ka ʻoihana he ʻelua mau ʻanuʻu: ka hana ʻana o ka barium oxide a me ka hana ʻana o ka barium metala ma o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa wela metala (aluminothermic reduction).

(1) Ka hoomakaukau ana ibariumoxide

Pono mua ka ʻaila barite kiʻekiʻe i ke koho lima a me ka flotation, a ukali ʻia e ka hao a me ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i ke silika e loaʻa ai kahi ʻike i ʻoi aku ma mua o 96%bariumsulfate. E hoʻohui i ka pauda mineral me ka nui o ka nui ma lalo o 20 mesh a me ka lanahu a i ʻole ka pauka coke petroleum ma ka ratio paona o 4: 1, a me ka calcine ma 1100 ℃ i loko o kahi umu reverberatory.BariumHoʻemi ʻia ka sulfate i ka barium sulfide (i ʻike mau ʻia ʻo "lehu ʻeleʻele"), i hoʻokahe ʻia me ka wai wela e loaʻa ai kahi hopena o ka barium sulfide. I mea e hoʻololi ai i ka barium sulfide i loko o ka ua barium carbonate, pono e hoʻohui i ka sodium carbonate a i ʻole e hoʻokomo i ke kalapona kalapona i loko o ka solution aqueous barium sulfide. Hoʻohui i ka barium carbonate me ka pauka kalapona a me ka calcine ma luna o 800 ℃ no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka barium oxide. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo ka barium oxide oxidizes e hana i ka barium peroxide ma 500-700 ℃, a hiki i ka barium peroxide ke decompose e hana.bariumoxide ma 700-800 ℃. No laila, i mea e pale aku ai i ka hana ʻana i ka barium peroxide, pono e hoʻomaʻalili ʻia nā huahana calcined ma lalo o ka pale kinoea inert.

(2) Hana ʻia ometala bariumma ke ʻano hoʻemi aluminothermic

He elua reactions no ka alumini hoemi obariumoxide ma muli o nā mea like ʻole:

6BaO+2Al → 3BaO • Al2O3+3Ba ↑

A i ʻole: 4BaO+2Al → BaO • Al2O3+3Ba ↑

Ma nā mahana mai ka 1000 a i ka 1200 ℃, ua liʻiliʻi loa kēia mau hopena ʻeluabarium, no laila, pono e hoʻohana i ka ʻōpala maloʻo e hoʻololi maubariummahu mai ka wahi pane a i ka condensation zone i mea e holo mau ai ka pane i ka akau. ʻO ke koena ma hope o ka hopena he mea ʻawaʻawa a hiki ke hoʻolei wale ʻia ma hope o ka mālama ʻana.

2. Ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā pūhui barium maʻamau

(1) Ke ala hoʻomākaukau obariumkalapona

① Keʻano carbonization

ʻO ke ʻano carbonization ka nui o ka hui ʻana i ka barite a me ka lanahu i kekahi ʻāpana, ka ʻoki ʻana iā lākou i loko o ka umu ahi, a me ka ʻai ʻana a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana iā lākou ma 1100-1200 ℃ e loaʻa ai ka barium sulfide melt. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka carbon dioxide i loko o kabariumka hopena sulfide no ka carbonization, a me ka loaabariumHoʻopili ʻia ka carbonate slurry i ka holoi ʻana i ka desulfurization a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana. A laila, hoʻomaloʻo ʻia a ʻoki ʻia ma 300 ℃ e loaʻa ai ka huahana barium carbonate i hoʻopau ʻia. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano e ka hapa nui o nā mea hana ma muli o kāna kaʻina maʻalahi a me ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa.

② ʻO ke ʻano decomposition paʻakikī

ʻO ka huahana hope obariumHiki ke loaʻa ka carbonate ma o ka hopena decomposition pālua ma waena o ka barium sulfide a me ka ammonium carbonate, a i ʻole ma ka hopena ma waena o ka barium chloride a me ka potassium carbonate. A laila holoi ʻia ka huahana, kānana, maloʻo, etc.

③ Kānāwai Petrochemical Kaumaha

Hoʻopili ʻia ka pauka ʻawaʻawa kaumaha me ka paʻakai ammonium e hoʻoheheʻe ʻiabariumpaʻakai, a hoʻohana hou ʻia ka ammonium carbonate. ʻO ka mea hoʻoheheʻebariumHoʻohui ʻia ka paʻakai i ka ammonium carbonate e hoʻoheheʻe i ka barium carbonate i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia, kānana a hoʻomaloʻo ʻia e hana i kahi huahana i hoʻopau ʻia. Eia hou, hiki ke hana hou ʻia ka waiʻona makuahine i loaʻa a hoʻohana hou ʻia.

(2) Ke ala hoʻomākaukau obariumtitanate

① Keʻano hana paʻa

BariumHiki ke hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka titanate ma ka calciningbariumcarbonate a me ka titanium dioxide, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

② ʻO ke ʻano coprecipitation

E hoʻoheheʻebariumchloride a me ka titanium tetrachloride i loko o ka hui ʻana o nā mea like, wela i ka 70 ° C, a laila hoʻokuʻu i ka waika oxalic e loaʻa ai kahi precipitate o ka hydrated.bariumtitanate [BaTiO (C2O4) 2-4H2O]. Holoi, maloʻo, a laila pyrolysis e loaʻa ai ka barium titanate.

(3) Ke ʻano hoʻomākaukau obariumchloride

Ke kaʻina hana obariumʻO ka chloride ka nui o ka hydrochloric acid method,bariumʻO ke ʻano carbonate, ke ʻano calcium chloride, a me ke ʻano magnesium chloride e like me nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea maka.

① ʻO ke ʻano waika hydrochloric.

②Bariumʻano kalapona. Hana ʻia mai ka pōhaku maloʻo (barium carbonate) ma ke ʻano he mea maka.

③ Keʻano calcium chloride. Hoʻemi i ka hui ʻana o ka barite a me ka calcium chloride me ke kalapona.

Eia kekahi, aia ke ʻano magnesium chloride. Hoʻomākaukau ʻia e ka mālama ʻanabariumsulfide me ka magnesium chloride.