ʻO Dysprosium,hōʻailona Dy a me ka helu atomika 66. He aʻeleʻele honua laha ʻoleme ke kila kila. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ʻo Dysprosium ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokahi i ke ʻano, ʻoiai aia ia i loko o nā minerala like ʻole e like me ka yttrium phosphate.
ʻO ka nui o ka dysprosium i loko o ka ʻōpala he 6ppm, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka
yttriumi nā mea ʻeleʻele koʻikoʻi. Manaʻo ʻia he kaumaha nui loa
ʻeleu honua laha ʻole a hāʻawi i kahi kumu waiwai maikaʻi no kāna noi.
ʻO ka Dysprosium ma kona kūlana kūlohelohe he ʻehiku isotopes, me ka nui loa he 164 Dy.
Ua ʻike mua ʻia ʻo Dysprosium e Paul Achilleck de Bospoland i ka makahiki 1886, akā ʻaʻole hiki i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana hoʻololi ion i nā makahiki 1950 i kaʻawale loa. He liʻiliʻi nā noi ʻo Dysprosium no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki ke pani ʻia e nā mea kemika ʻē aʻe.
ʻO nā paʻakai dysprosium hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia he ʻawaʻawa liʻiliʻi, ʻoiai ʻo nā paʻakai hiki ʻole ke manaʻo ʻia he mea ʻawaʻawa ʻole.
ʻIke ʻana i ka mōʻaukala
Ua ʻike ʻia e: L. Boisbaudran, Palani
Ua ʻike ʻia i ka makahiki 1886 ma Farani
Ma hope o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o Mossandererbiumhonua ahoʻopaʻapaʻahonua mai ka honua yttrium i ka makahiki 1842, ua hoʻohana nā mea kemika he nui i ka nānā ʻana i nā kikoʻī no ka ʻike a ʻike ʻana ʻaʻole lākou he oxide maʻemaʻe o kahi mea, i paipai i nā mea kemika e hoʻomau i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana iā lākou. ʻEhiku mau makahiki ma hope o ka kaʻawale ʻana o ka holmium, i ka makahiki 1886, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻo Bouvabadrand iā ia i ka hapalua a mālama ʻia ka holmium, ʻo ia ka inoa ʻo dysprosium, me ka hōʻailona elemental Dy. ʻO kēia huaʻōlelo mai ka huaʻōlelo Helene dysprositos a ʻo ia ka 'paʻakikī e loaʻa'. Me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka dysprosium a me nā mea ʻokoʻa honua ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻopau ʻia ka hapa ʻē aʻe o ke kolu o ke kolu o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mea honua.
hoʻonohonoho ʻelepona
Hoʻolālā uila:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f10
isotope
Ma kona kūlana maoli, ua haku ʻia ka dysprosium i ʻehiku isotopes: 156Dy, 158Dy, 160Dy, 161Dy, 162Dy, 163Dy, a me 164Dy. Manaʻo ʻia kēia mau mea paʻa, ʻoiai he 156Dy pohō me ka hapalua o ke ola ma mua o 1 * 1018 mau makahiki. Ma waena o nā isotopes kūlohelohe, ʻo 164Dy ka mea nui loa ma 28%, a ukali ʻia e 162Dy ma 26%. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi loa he 156Dy, 0.06%. Ua hui pū ʻia nā isotopes radioactive 29, mai ka 138 a i ka 173, ma ke ʻano o ka nui atomika. ʻO ka mea paʻa loa ʻo 154Dy me ka hapalua o ke ola ma kahi o 3106 mau makahiki, a ukali ʻia e 159Dy me ka hapalua o ke ola o 144.4 mau lā. ʻO ka mea paʻa ʻole ʻo 138 Dy me ka hapalua o ke ola o 200 milliseconds. ʻO 154Dy ka mea nui i ka alpha decay, aʻo 152Dy a me 159Dy decay ka mea nui ma muli o ka hopu electron.
Metala
Loaʻa i ka Dysprosium kahi luster metala a me kahi luster kālā ʻālohilohi. He palupalu loa ia a hiki ke hana ʻia me ka ʻole o ke ahi inā pale ʻia ka wela. Hoʻopili ʻia nā waiwai kino o ka dysprosium e ka liʻiliʻi o nā haumia. Loaʻa i ka Dysprosium a me ka holmium ka ikaika magnetic kiʻekiʻe loa, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Lilo ka dysprosium ferromagnet maʻalahi i ka helical antiferromagnetic state ma nā mahana ma lalo o 85 K (-188.2 C) a ma luna o 85 K (-188.2 C), kahi e like ai nā ʻātoma āpau me ka papa lalo i kahi manawa kikoʻī a kū i nā papa pili i kahi kihi paʻa. . Hoʻololi kēia antiferromagnetism ʻokoʻa i kahi mokuʻāina ʻino (paramagnetic) ma 179 K (-94 C).
Noi:
(1) Ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui no ka neodymium iron boron mau magnet, hoʻohui ʻia ma kahi o 2-3% dysprosium i kēia ʻano magnet hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i kona coercivity. I ka wā ma mua, ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe ka koi no ka dysprosium, akā me ka piʻi ʻana o ka noi no nā neodymium iron boron magnets, ua lilo ia i mea hoʻohui pono, me ka pae o 95-99.9%, a ke piʻi wikiwiki nei ka koi.
(2) Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Dysprosium ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoulu no nā phosphors, a ʻo ka trivalent Dysprosium kahi ion hoʻōla hoʻohiki no nā mea hoʻonaninani tricolor luminescent. ʻO ka mea nui i haku ʻia me ʻelua mau pūʻulu hoʻokuʻu, ʻo ka hoʻokuʻu melemele kekahi, a ʻo ka hoʻokuʻu polū kekahi. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea luminescent Dysprosium doped e like me nā tricolor phosphors.
(3) ʻO Dysprosium kahi mea metala pono no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka Terfenol alloy magnetostrictive nui, hiki ke hoʻokō i nā neʻe mechanical pololei.
(4)ʻO ka metala Dysprosium hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea mālama magneto-optical me ka wikiwiki hoʻopaʻa kiʻekiʻe a me ka naʻau heluhelu.
(5) No ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā kukui dysprosium, ʻo ka mea hana i hoʻohana ʻia i nā kukui dysprosium he dysprosium iodide. Loaʻa i kēia ʻano kukui nā mea maikaʻi e like me ka ʻōlinolino kiʻekiʻe, ke kala maikaʻi, ke kiʻekiʻe o ka waihoʻoluʻu wela, ka liʻiliʻi, a me ke arc kūpaʻa. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he kumu kukui no nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni, paʻi, a me nā noi kukui ʻē aʻe.
(6) Ma muli o ka nui neutron hopu cross-sectional wahi o dysprosium element, ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka atomic ikehu 'oihana e ana neutron spectra a ma ke ano he neutron absorber.
(7) Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Dy3Al5O12 ma ke ʻano he mea hana mana no ka refrigeration magnetic. Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana, e hoʻomau ka hoʻonui a hoʻonui i nā kahua noi o dysprosium.
(8) Dysprosium compound nanofibers he kiʻekiʻe ka ikaika a me ka ʻili, no laila hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻoikaika i nā mea ʻē aʻe a i ʻole he catalysts. ʻO ka hoʻomehana ʻana i ka wai wai o DyBr3 a me NaF ma 450 bar pressure no 17 mau hola a 450 ° C hiki ke hana i nā fibers fluoride dysprosium. Hiki i kēia mea ke noho i loko o nā ʻano wai wai like ʻole ma mua o 100 mau hola me ka ʻole o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a i ʻole ka hui ʻana i nā mahana ma mua o 400 ° C.
(9) Hoʻohana ʻia nā pahu friji demagnetization thermal insulation i kekahi mau kristal paʻakai dysprosium paramagnetic, me ka dysprosium gallium garnet (DGG), dysprosium aluminum garnet (DAG), a me ka dysprosium iron garnet (DyIG).
(10) ʻO nā pūhui hui pūʻulu Dysprosium cadmium oxide he kumu hoʻoheheʻe infrared i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ke aʻo ʻana i nā hopena kemika. ʻO ka Dysprosium a me kāna mau pūhui he mau waiwai magnetic koʻikoʻi, e hoʻohana ana iā lākou i nā mea mālama ʻikepili e like me ka paʻakikī.
(11) Hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka ʻāpana neodymium o ka neodymium iron boron magnets me ka dysprosium e hoʻonui i ka coercivity a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pale wela o nā magnet. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i nā noi me nā koi hana kiʻekiʻe e like me nā kaʻa kaʻa uila. Hiki i nā kaʻa e hoʻohana ana i kēia ʻano magnet ke loaʻa i ka 100 grams o dysprosium i kēlā me kēia kaʻa. Wahi a Toyota i manaʻo ʻia he 2 miliona mau kaʻa kūʻai makahiki, e hoʻopau koke ia i ka lako honua o ka metala dysprosium. ʻO nā mākēneki i hoʻololi ʻia me ka dysprosium he kiʻekiʻe ke kūpaʻa corrosion.
(12) Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā pūhui Dysprosium ma ke ʻano he catalysts i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻaila a me nā ʻoihana kemika. Inā hoʻohui ʻia ka dysprosium ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻolaha hoʻolālā i loko o kahi catalyst synthesis ferrioxide ammonia, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka hana catalytic a me ka pale wela o ka catalyst. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka Dysprosium oxide ma ke ʻano he kiʻekiʻe-frequency dielectric ceramic component material, me ke ʻano o Mg0-Ba0-Dy0n-Ti02, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no nā resonator dielectric, kānana dielectric, diplexers dielectric, a me nā mea kamaʻilio.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-23-2023