Lanthanide
Lanthanide, lanthanid
Wehewehe: Nā Elements 57 a i ka 71 i ka papaʻaina. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo maʻamau no 15 mau mea mai ka lanthanum a i ka lutetium. Hōʻike ʻia ʻo Ln. ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho electron valence he 4f0~145d0~26s2, no ka mea hoʻololi kūloko;Lanthanumme ka ʻole o 4f electrons ua kāpae ʻia mai ka ʻōnaehana lanthanide.
Aʻo: Kemika_ Kemika Inorganic_ Elements and Inorganic chemistry
Nā huaʻōlelo pili: hydrogen sponge Nickel–metal hydride battery
ʻO ka hui o 15 mau mea like ma waena o ka lanthanum a melutetiumi loko o ka papaʻaina i kapa ʻia ʻo Lanthanide. ʻO Lanthanum ka mea mua ma Lanthanide, me ka hōʻailona Chemical La a me ka helu Atomic 57. ʻO Lanthanum kahi palupalu (hiki ke ʻoki pololei ʻia me ka pahi), ductile, a me ke kālā keʻokeʻo metala e nalowale mālie kona luster ke ʻike ʻia i ka ea. ʻOiai ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka lanthanum ma ke ʻano he ʻano honua laha ʻole, ʻo kona ʻano mea i loko o ka ʻāʻī ke kūlana 28th, aneane ʻekolu manawa o ke kēpau. ʻAʻohe mea ʻawaʻawa kūikawā o Lanthanum i ke kino o ke kanaka, akā aia kekahi hana antibacterial.
Loaʻa i nā pūhui Lanthanum nā mea hoʻohana like ʻole a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā catalysts, nā mea hoʻohui aniani, nā kukui kalapona kalapona i nā kukui kiʻi studio a i ʻole projectors, nā ʻāpana ʻā i nā kukui a me nā lama, nā pahu kukui cathode, scintillators, GTAW electrodes, a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe.
ʻO La (Ni3.6Mn0.4Al0.3Co0.7) kekahi o nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia no Nickel-metal hydride battery anode. Ma muli o ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe o ka wehe ʻana i nā Lanthanide ʻē aʻe, e hoʻololi ʻia ka lanthanum maʻemaʻe e nā metala honua laha ʻole i loaʻa ma mua o 50% lanthanum. Loaʻa ka lanthanum i loko o nā alloys hydrogen sponge, hiki iā ia ke mālama a hiki i 400 mau manawa i kona nui o ka hydrogen i ka wā e hoʻohuli ʻia a hoʻokuʻu i ka ikehu wela. No laila, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā alloys hydrogen sponge i nā ʻōnaehana mālama ikehu.Lanthanum oxideaLanthanum hexaboridehoʻohana ʻia e like me nā mea cathode wela i loko o nā paipu hāmole electron. ʻO ke aniani o Lanthanum hexaboride kahi kumu hoʻoheheʻe electron wela no nā microscopes electron a me Hall-effect thruster.
Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Lanthanum trifluoride e like me ka uhi kukui fluorescent, hui pū ʻia meEuropium(III) fluoride,a hoʻohana ʻia e like me ke kiʻi aniani o ka fluoride ion selective electrode. ʻO Lanthanum trifluoride kekahi ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ke aniani fluoride kaumaha i kapa ʻia ʻo ZBLAN. Loaʻa iā ia ka transmittance maikaʻi loa i ka laulā infrared a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio fiber optical. Cerium dopedLanthanum(III) bromideaLanthanum(III) chlorideloaʻa nā waiwai o ka puka māmā kiʻekiʻe, ka hoʻonā ikehu kūpono a me ka pane wikiwiki. He mau mea Scintillator inorganic ia, i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ke kālepa no nā neutrons a me ka γ A detector for radiation. ʻO ke aniani i hoʻohui ʻia me ka Lanthanum oxide he kiʻekiʻe refractive index a haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūpaʻa alkali o ke aniani. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i ke aniani optical kūikawā, e like me ke aniani infrared absorption, no nā kāmera a me nā lens telescope. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi mea liʻiliʻi o ka lanthanum i ke kila hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i kona kūpaʻa hopena a me ka ductility, ʻoiai ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka lanthanum i ka molybdenum hiki ke hōʻemi i kona paʻakikī a me ka naʻau i nā loli wela. ʻO ka Lanthanum a me nā pūhui like ʻole o nā mea ʻē aʻe o ka honua laʻa (oxides, chlorides, etc.) nā ʻāpana o nā catalysts like ʻole, e like me nā catalysts reaction cracking.
Lanthanum carbonateua aponoia ma ke ano he laau lapaau. Ke hiki mai ka hyperphosphatemia i ka hiki ʻole o ka renal, ʻo ka lawe ʻana i ka Lanthanum carbonate hiki ke hoʻoponopono i ka phosphate i loko o ka serum a hiki i ka pae kiʻekiʻe. Hiki i ka Lanthanum hoʻololi i ka bentonite ke wehe i ka phosphate i ka wai e pale aku i ka Eutrophication o ka wai loko. Nui nā huahana wai ʻauʻau i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia i loko o kahi liʻiliʻi o ka lanthanum, ʻo ia hoʻi e wehe i ka phosphate a hoʻemi i ka ulu ʻana o nā algae. E like me ka Horseradish peroxidase, hoʻohana ʻia ka lanthanum ma ke ʻano he electron dense tracer i ka molecular biology.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-01-2023