Ua makemake ʻo Kina e kaupalenahonua lahahoʻokuʻu aku, akā ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia e nā ʻāina like ʻole. No ke aha i hiki ole ai?
I ka honua hou, me ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻohui honua, e pili kokoke ana nā pilina ma waena o nā ʻāina. Ma lalo o kahi mālie, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka pilina ma waena o nā ʻāina e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia. Hana pū lākou a hoʻokūkū.
Ma kēia kūlana, ʻaʻole ʻo ke kaua ke ala maikaʻi loa e hoʻoponopono ai i nā ʻokoʻa a me nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa ma waena o nā ʻāina. I nā manawa he nui, komo kekahi mau ʻāina i nā kaua ʻike ʻole ʻia me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe ma o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka lawe ʻana aku i nā kumuwaiwai kūikawā a i ʻole ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā kulekele hoʻokele waiwai ma o nā ʻano waiwai e hoʻokō ai i kā lākou mau pahuhopu.
No laila, ʻo ka hoʻomalu ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai, ʻo ia ka hoʻomalu ʻana i kekahi pae o ka hoʻolālā, a ʻoi aku ka nui a me ka hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi i nā kumuwaiwai ma ka lima, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻolālā. I kēia mau lā,honua lahaʻO ia kekahi o nā kumu waiwai koʻikoʻi o ka honua, a ʻo Kina kekahi ʻāina nui loa o ka honua.
I ka wā i makemake ai ʻo ʻAmelika e lawe mai i nā ʻāina laha ʻole mai Mongolia, ua makemake ʻo ia e hui malū i nā pūʻali me Mongolia e kaʻe aku iā Kina, akā koi ʻo Mongolia e "pono e kūkākūkā me Kina". He aha ka mea i hana?
Ma ke ʻano he vitamina ʻoihana, ka mea i kapa ʻia "honua laha"ʻaʻole ia ka inoa no nā kumu waiwai mineral e like me "lāhu", "hao", "keleawe", akā he huaʻōlelo maʻamau no nā mea mineral me nā waiwai like. Hiki ke huli ʻia ka yttrium ʻeleʻele laha mua loa i ka makahiki 1700. ʻO ka mea hope loa, ka promethium, ua lōʻihi ka manawa, akā ʻaʻole ia a hiki i ka makahiki 1945 i ʻike ʻia ai ka promethium ma o ka nuclear fission o ka uranium. A hiki i ka makahiki 1972, ua ʻike ʻia ka promethium kūlohelohe i ka uranium.
ʻO ke kumu o ka inoa "ka honuapili maoli i nā palena ʻenehana i kēlā manawa. He kiʻekiʻe ka oxygen affinity o ka ʻeleʻele o ka honua, he maʻalahi ke oxidize, a ʻaʻole e hoʻoheheʻe i ka wā e komo ai i ka wai, he ʻano like me nā waiwai o ka lepo. Eia kekahi, ma muli o ka palena o ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana i kēlā manawa, ua paʻakikī ke ʻike i kahi o nā minerala honua laha a hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā mea i ʻike ʻia. No laila, ua hoʻohana nā mea noiʻi ma mua o 200 mau makahiki e hōʻiliʻili i nā mea 17.
Ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia mau waiwai "makamai" a me ka "honua like" i nā ʻāina laha ʻole, ua kapa ʻia lākou he "ʻāina laha ʻole" ma nā ʻāina ʻē a unuhi ʻia ʻo "rare earth" ma Kina. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻoiai ka hana ʻana o ka mea i kapa ʻianā mea ʻeleʻele rareua kaupalena ʻia, ua hoʻoikaika nui ʻia lākou e nā ʻenehana mining a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana, a ʻaʻole hiki ke noho ma nā mea liʻiliʻi ma ka Honua. I kēia mau lā, i ka hōʻike ʻana i ka nui o nā mea kūlohelohe, hoʻohana ʻia ka manaʻo o ka "nui".
Ceriumhe aʻeleʻele honua laha ʻoleʻo ia ka 0.0046% o ka ʻōpala o ka Honua, ka helu 25th, a ukali ʻia e ke keleawe ma 0.01%. ʻOiai he liʻiliʻi ia, e noʻonoʻo ana i ka honua holoʻokoʻa, he nui kēia. Aia i loko o ka inoa rare earth nā mea 17, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā mea māmā, waena, a me nā mea kaumaha ma muli o ko lākou ʻano. Nā ʻano like ʻole onā ʻāina laha ʻoleloaʻa nā hoʻohana like ʻole a me nā kumukūʻai.
Nā ʻāina laha ʻolehelu no ka hapa nui o ka ʻike honua laha ʻole a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā mea hana a me nā noi terminal. Ma waena o lākou, ʻo ka hoʻomohala hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea magnetic he 42%, me ka manawa ikaika loa. He haʻahaʻa loa ke kumu kūʻai o nā honua rare māmā.Heavy rare earthspāʻani i kahi hana koʻikoʻi i nā kahua hiki ʻole ke hoʻololi e like me ka pūʻali koa a me ka aerospace. Hiki i kēia ke hana i kahi lele qualitative i nā mea kaua a me nā mīkini hana, me ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me ka paʻa. I kēia manawa, ʻaneʻane ʻaʻohe mea hiki ke hoʻololi i kēia mau mea o ka honua laha, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kumukūʻai. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea ʻāina laha ʻole i nā kaʻa ikehu hou hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka ikehu o ke kaʻa a hoʻemi i ka hoʻohana mana. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea ʻenehana Hikina Rare Earth no ka hana makani makani hiki ke hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola o nā mea hana, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻololi ʻana mai ka makani makani i ka uila, a hoʻemi i nā kumukūʻai mālama pono. Inā hoʻohana ʻia nā mea ʻāina laha ʻole e like me nā mea kaua, e hoʻonui ʻia ka pā kaua o ka mea kaua a e hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia kona pale.
Hoʻohui ʻia ka pahu kaua m1a1 ʻAmelika menā mea ʻeleʻele rarehiki ke pale aku ma mua o 70% o ka hopena ma mua o nā kaʻa maʻamau, a ua pālua ʻia ka mamao o ka pahuhopu, e hoʻomaikaʻi nui ana i ka hoʻouka kaua. No laila, ʻo nā ʻāina laha ʻole he waiwai waiwai nui no ka hana ʻana a me ka hana kaua.
Ma muli o kēia mau kumu a pau, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kumuwaiwai honua i loaʻa i kahi ʻāina, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. No laila, ʻoiai inā loaʻa iā ʻAmelika he 1.8 miliona mau mea waiwai o ka honua, ke koho nei ʻo ia e lawe mai. ʻO kekahi kumu koʻikoʻi, ʻo ka ʻeli ʻana i nā minerala o ka honua hiki ke hoʻohaumia i ke kaiapuni.
ʻO kanā minerala honua laha ʻoleHoʻomaʻemaʻe pinepine ʻia ka mined ma ka hana ʻana me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kemika organik a i ʻole ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka wela kiʻekiʻe. I loko o kēia kaʻina hana, e hana ʻia ka nui o ke kinoea hoʻopau a me ka wai ʻino. Inā ʻaʻole mālama pono ʻia, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka fluoride i loko o ka wai a puni i ka maʻamau, e hoʻoweliweli nui ana i ke olakino a me ka make o nā kamaʻāina.
Mai ka manawanā ʻāina laha ʻolewaiwai nui, no ke aha e pāpā ʻole ai i ka lawe ʻana aku? ʻOiaʻiʻo, he manaʻo kūpono ʻole kēia. Ua waiwai ʻo Kina i nā kumuwaiwai honua laha ʻole, ke kūlana mua ma ka honua, akā ʻaʻole ia he monopoly. ʻO ka pāpā ʻana i nā hoʻokuʻu aku ʻaʻole e hoʻopau loa i ka pilikia.
Loaʻa i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe ka nui o nā mālama ʻāina laha ʻole a ke ʻimi nei i nā kumuwaiwai ʻē aʻe e pani ai iā lākou, no laila ʻaʻole kēia he hopena lōʻihi. Eia kekahi, ua paʻa mau kā mākou ʻano hana i ka hoʻomohala maʻamau o nā ʻāina a pau, e pāpā ana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā kumu waiwai o ka honua a me nā pono monopolizing, ʻaʻole ia ko mākou ʻano Kina.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mei-19-2023