ʻO nā metala honua a i ʻole nā ​​minerala?

ʻO nā metala honua a i ʻole nā ​​minerala?

honua laha olehe metala. ʻO ka honua laʻa kahi huaʻōlelo hui no 17 mau mea metala ma ka papaʻaina, me nā mea lanthanide a me ka scandium a me ka yttrium. Aia he 250 mau ʻano minerala honua laha ʻole ma ke ʻano. ʻO ka mea mua i ʻike i ka honua laha ʻole ʻo ia ʻo Gadolin chemist Finnish. I ka makahiki 1794, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻo ia i ke ʻano mua o ka ʻano honua laha ʻole mai kahi ʻala kaumaha e like me ka asphalt.

ʻO ka honua laʻa kahi huaʻōlelo hui no 17 mau mea metala ma ka papa manawa o nā mea kemika. He mau ʻāina māmā lākou,lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, a me europium; ʻO nā mea ʻeleʻele koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi: gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, scandium, a me yttrium.Loaʻa nā ʻāina laha ʻole ma ke ʻano he mineral, no laila he mineral lākou ma mua o ka lepo. Loaʻa iā Kina ka waiwai o ka honua laha ʻole, ʻo ia ka mea nui i nā panalāʻau a me nā kūlanakauhale e like me Inner Mongolia, Shandong, Sichuan, Jiangxi, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

ʻO nā ʻāina laha ʻole i loko o ka honua koʻikoʻi ma ke ʻano he carbonates hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, fluoride, phosphates, oxides, a i ʻole silicates. Pono e hoʻololi ʻia nā mea o ka honua laʻa i loko o ka wai a i ʻole nā ​​waikawa inorganic ma o nā hoʻololi kemika, a laila e hana i nā kaʻina e like me ka dissolution, kaʻawale, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ka noʻonoʻo ʻana, a i ʻole ka calcination e hana i nā pūhui honua like ʻole e like me ka hui ʻana o ka honua chlorides. hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he huahana a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea maka no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā mea ʻano honua laha. Kapa ʻia kēia kaʻina hana ʻo rare earth concentrate decomposition, ʻike ʻia hoʻi he pre-treatment.